Harris Muhammad, Mohsin Hammad, Naveed Rakhshanda, Potgieter Johan, Ishfaq Kashif, Ray Sudip, Guen Marie-Joo Le, Archer Richard, Arif Khalid Mahmood
Massey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 9;14(8):1527. doi: 10.3390/polym14081527.
Despite the extensive research, the moisture-based degradation of the 3D-printed polypropylene and polylactic acid blend is not yet reported. This research is a part of study reported on partial biodegradable blends proposed for large-scale additive manufacturing applications. However, the previous work does not provide information about the stability of the proposed blend system against moisture-based degradation. Therefore, this research presents a combination of excessive physical interlocking and minimum chemical grafting in a partial biodegradable blend to achieve stability against in-process thermal and moisture-based degradation. In this regard, a blend of polylactic acid and polypropylene compatibilized with polyethylene graft maleic anhydride is presented for fused filament fabrication. The research implements, for the first time, an ANOVA for combined thermal and moisture-based degradation. The results are explained using thermochemical and microscopic techniques. Scanning electron microscopy is used for analyzing the printed blend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has allowed studying the intermolecular interactions due to the partial blending and degradation mechanism. Differential scanning calorimetry analyzes the blending (physical interlocking or chemical grafting) and thermochemical effects of the degradation mechanism. The thermogravimetric analysis further validates the physical interlocking and chemical grafting. The novel concept of partial blending with excessive interlocking reports high mechanical stability against moisture-based degradation.
尽管进行了广泛的研究，但3D打印聚丙烯和聚乳酸共混物基于水分的降解尚未见报道。本研究是针对大规模增材制造应用提出的部分可生物降解共混物研究的一部分。然而，先前的工作并未提供有关所提出的共混体系对基于水分的降解的稳定性的信息。因此，本研究提出了一种在部分可生物降解共混物中过度物理互锁和最小化化学接枝相结合的方法，以实现对加工过程中热降解和基于水分的降解的稳定性。在这方面，提出了一种用聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐增容的聚乳酸和聚丙烯共混物用于熔丝制造。该研究首次对热降解和基于水分的降解进行了方差分析。使用热化学和微观技术对结果进行了解释。扫描电子显微镜用于分析打印的共混物。傅里叶变换红外光谱允许研究由于部分共混和降解机理引起的分子间相互作用。差示扫描量热法分析共混（物理互锁或化学接枝）以及降解机理的热化学效应。热重分析进一步验证了物理互锁和化学接枝。过度互锁的部分共混这一新颖概念显示出对基于水分的降解具有高机械稳定性。
