Koinig Gerald, Rutrecht Bettina, Friedrich Karl, Barretta Chiara, Vollprecht Daniel
Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstraße 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 11;14(8):1553. doi: 10.3390/polym14081553.
This work presents a hand sorting trial of Austrian plastic packaging, which showed that according to an extrapolation of the 170,000 t separately collected waste collected in Austria, 30 wt% are flexible 2D plastic packaging. Further, the applications for these materials have been catalogued. The composition of these films was evaluated via Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, which showed that 31% of all films were made of polyethene, 39% of polypropylene, 11% of polyethene-polyethene terephthalate composite, and 8% of a polyethene-polypropylene composite, further resulting in the calculation that of all flexible packaging, 20 wt% are multilayer films. These findings were used to calculate the latent potential for raising the current recycling quota of 25.7% to the mandated rate of 55% in 2030. To this end, scenarios depicting different approaches to sorting and recycling small films were evaluated. It was calculated that through improving the sorting of films the recycling rate could be increased to 35.5%. This approach allows for the recycling of monolayer films by avoiding contamination with foreign materials introduced by multilayer films that impede the recyclates' mechanical properties. The evaluation showed that sorting multilayer films of this fraction could raise the recycling quota further to 38.9%.
这项工作展示了对奥地利塑料包装进行的人工分拣试验，试验表明，根据对奥地利单独收集的170,000吨废物的推断，30%（重量）是柔性二维塑料包装。此外，还对这些材料的应用进行了分类编目。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱对这些薄膜的成分进行了评估，结果表明，所有薄膜中31%由聚乙烯制成，39%由聚丙烯制成，11%由聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯复合材料制成，8%由聚乙烯-聚丙烯复合材料制成，进一步计算得出，在所有柔性包装中，20%（重量）是多层薄膜。这些研究结果被用于计算将当前25.7%的回收配额提高到2030年法定的55%的潜在可能性。为此，对描述不同的小薄膜分拣和回收方法的方案进行了评估。经计算，通过改进薄膜分拣，回收率可提高到35.5%。这种方法通过避免多层薄膜引入的杂质污染来实现单层薄膜的回收利用，这些杂质会影响回收物的机械性能。评估表明，分拣该部分的多层薄膜可使回收配额进一步提高到38.9%。
