Schwarzböck Therese, Van Eygen Emile, Rechberger Helmut, Fellner Johann
1 Institute for Water Quality, Resource & Waste Management, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
2 Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag Res. 2017 Feb;35(2):207-216. doi: 10.1177/0734242X16660372. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Although thermal recovery of waste plastics is widely practiced in many European countries, reliable information on the amount of waste plastics in the feed of waste-to-energy plants is rare. In most cases the amount of plastics present in commingled waste, such as municipal solid waste, commercial, or industrial waste, is estimated based on a few waste sorting campaigns, which are of limited significance with regard to the characterisation of plastic flows. In the present study, an alternative approach, the so-called Balance Method, is used to determine the total amount of plastics thermally recovered in Austria's waste incineration facilities in 2014. The results indicate that the plastics content in the waste feed may vary considerably among different plants but also over time. Monthly averages determined range between 8 and 26 wt% of waste plastics. The study reveals an average waste plastics content in the feed of Austria's waste-to-energy plants of 16.5 wt%, which is considerably above findings from sorting campaigns conducted in Austria. In total, about 385 kt of waste plastics were thermally recovered in all Austrian waste-to-energy plants in 2014, which equals to 45 kg plastics cap. In addition, the amount of plastics co-combusted in industrial plants yields a total thermal utilisation rate of 70 kg cap a for Austria. This is significantly above published rates, for example, in Germany reported rates for 2013 are in the range of only 40 kg of waste plastics combusted per capita.
尽管废塑料的热回收在许多欧洲国家广泛应用，但关于垃圾焚烧发电厂进料中废塑料量的可靠信息却很少。在大多数情况下，混合垃圾（如城市固体废物、商业或工业垃圾）中存在的塑料量是根据少数几次垃圾分类活动估算的，这些活动对于塑料流的特征描述意义有限。在本研究中，采用了一种替代方法，即所谓的平衡法，来确定2014年奥地利垃圾焚烧设施中热回收的塑料总量。结果表明，不同工厂之间以及不同时间的垃圾进料中的塑料含量可能有很大差异。确定的月平均废塑料含量在8%至26%（重量）之间。该研究表明，奥地利垃圾焚烧发电厂进料中的废塑料平均含量为16.5%（重量），大大高于在奥地利开展的垃圾分类活动的结果。2014年，奥地利所有垃圾焚烧发电厂共热回收了约38.5万吨废塑料，相当于人均45千克塑料。此外，工业工厂中混合燃烧的塑料量使奥地利的总热利用率达到人均70千克/年。这大大高于已公布的比率，例如，德国2013年报告的比率仅为每人燃烧40千克废塑料。
