Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Viruses. 2022 Mar 25;14(4):677. doi: 10.3390/v14040677.
Metapneumoviruses, members of the family Pneumoviridae, have been identified in birds (avian metapneumoviruses; AMPV's) and humans (human metapneumoviruses; HMPV's). AMPV and HMPV are closely related viruses with a similar genomic organization and cause respiratory tract illnesses in birds and humans, respectively. AMPV can be classified into four subgroups, A-D, and is the etiological agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in chickens. Epidemiological studies have indicated that AMPV also circulates in wild bird species which may act as reservoir hosts for novel subtypes. HMPV was first discovered in 2001, but retrospective studies have shown that HMPV has been circulating in humans for at least 50 years. AMPV subgroup C is more closely related to HMPV than to any other AMPV subgroup, suggesting that HMPV has evolved from AMPV-C following zoonotic transfer. In this review, we present a historical perspective on the discovery of metapneumoviruses and discuss the host tropism, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics of the different AMPV and HMPV subgroups to provide increased focus on the necessity to better understand the evolutionary pathways through which HMPV emerged as a seasonal endemic human respiratory virus.
副黏病毒科的成员，已在鸟类（禽偏肺病毒； AMPV）和人类（人偏肺病毒；HMPV）中鉴定出来。AMPV 和 HMPV 是密切相关的病毒，具有相似的基因组结构，分别导致鸟类和人类的呼吸道疾病。AMPV 可分为四个亚群，A-D，是火鸡鼻炎和鸡肿头综合征的病原体。流行病学研究表明，AMPV 也在野生鸟类中传播，这些鸟类可能是新型亚型的储存宿主。HMPV 于 2001 年首次发现，但回顾性研究表明，HMPV 至少在 50 年前就在人类中传播。AMPV 亚群 C 与 HMPV 的关系比与任何其他 AMPV 亚群的关系都更密切，这表明 HMPV 是从 AMPV-C 经过人畜共患转移后进化而来的。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了发现副黏病毒的历史背景，并讨论了不同 AMPV 和 HMPV 亚群的宿主嗜性、致病性和分子特征，以更加关注了解 HMPV 作为季节性地方性人类呼吸道病毒出现的进化途径的必要性。
