Branche Angela R, Edwards Kathryn M
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2025 Jul 16;232(Supplement_1):S1-S9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf187.
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Pneumoviridae family. It was first identified in 2001 in the nasopharyngeal secretions of 28 Dutch children with bronchiolitis collected over a 20-year period. hMPV exhibited paramyxovirus-like morphology with many genetic similarities to respiratory syncytial virus. hMPV has 1 serotype with 2 major subgroups (A and B) and 5 sublineages (A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2). In the wake of its discovery, a wealth of observational research has demonstrated global circulation of hMPV causing a wide spectrum of clinical disease. It accounts for 2% to 7% of all symptomatic respiratory infections in children who are universally infected by age 5 years. However, long-lasting immunity to hMPV is incomplete, and reinfections occur throughout life. With increasing age, the impact of hMPV is greater. Adult patients with hMPV infection may develop pneumonia, resulting in hospitalization and severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. Risk factors for severe hMPV are still being defined but include profound immunosuppression (20%), congestive heart failure (25%), and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20%). In this supplement, several studies from diverse geographic and clinical locations explore the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical profile of hMPV as compared with respiratory syncytial virus and/or influenza and examine the impact of risk factors for severe disease, including age and chronic comorbid conditions. These data are needed to provide the basis for understanding who might benefit from future hMPV vaccines.
人偏肺病毒（hMPV）是一种不分节段的单链负义RNA病毒，属于肺病毒科。2001年，它首次在20年间收集的28名患有细支气管炎的荷兰儿童的鼻咽分泌物中被发现。hMPV呈现出副粘病毒样形态，与呼吸道合胞病毒有许多基因相似性。hMPV有1个血清型，分为2个主要亚组（A和B）以及5个亚系（A1、A2a、A2b、B1和B2）。自发现以来，大量的观察性研究表明hMPV在全球传播，可导致广泛的临床疾病。在5岁前普遍感染的儿童中，它占所有有症状呼吸道感染的2%至7%。然而，对hMPV的持久免疫力并不完全，一生中会发生再次感染。随着年龄的增长，hMPV的影响更大。感染hMPV的成年患者可能会发展为肺炎，导致住院和严重后果，如入住重症监护病房或机械通气。严重hMPV感染的危险因素仍在确定中，但包括深度免疫抑制（20%）、充血性心力衰竭（25%）和严重慢性阻塞性肺疾病（20%）。在本增刊中，来自不同地理和临床地点的几项研究探讨了hMPV与呼吸道合胞病毒和/或流感相比的发病机制、流行病学和临床特征，并研究了严重疾病危险因素的影响，包括年龄和慢性合并症。需要这些数据为了解哪些人可能从未来的hMPV疫苗中受益提供依据。
