School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77071, USA.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022 Jun;32(6):1418-1426. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.014. Epub 2022 Mar 19.
The DASH diet conveys protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) Via plant-based and non-plant-based recommendations. Research has not identified which glucose homeostasis pathways are improved. We examined associations between adherence to a DASH diet and six glucose homeostasis traits, probing whether associations could be attributed to the plant-based (DASH-P) and/or non-plant based (DASH-NP) components.
We included data from 295 adults without T2D (age 59.3 ± 9.00 years; 63.46% non-Hispanic White and 36.54% African American, self-reported race ancestry) participating in the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) yielded fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and insulin secretion, sensitivity, and disposition index. Habitual dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Associations between DASH components and glucose homeostasis traits were examined, controlling for demographics, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and energy intake. For significant associations, the models were repeated with scores for DASH-P and DASH-NP as predictors in the same model. DASH and DASH-P scores were inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose (DASH:β = -0.036 ± 0.012,P = 0.005; DASH-P: β = -0.04 ± 0.017,P = 0.002), and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (DASH:β = 0.022 ± 0.012,P = 0.042; DASH-P: = 0.036 ± 0.015,P = 0.014). The DASH score was also associated with disposition index (β = 0.026 ± 0.013,P = 0.038), but this association did not reach significance with DASH-P (β = 0.035 ± 0.018,P = 0.051). No associations were observed with DASH-NP score (all P > 0.05).
DASH diet is associated with improvement in specific glucose homeostasis traits, likely arising from increased plant-based foods. Such research may help tailor future dietary advice to specific metabolic risk, and to food groups most effective at improving these.
DASH 饮食通过植物性和非植物性建议来预防 2 型糖尿病（T2D）。研究尚未确定哪些葡萄糖稳态途径得到改善。我们研究了 DASH 饮食的依从性与六项葡萄糖稳态特征之间的关系，探讨了这些关系是否归因于植物性（DASH-P）和/或非植物性（DASH-NP）成分。
我们纳入了来自 295 名无 T2D 的成年人的数据（年龄 59.3±9.00 岁；63.46%非西班牙裔白人和 36.54%非裔美国人，自述种族血统），他们参加了微生物组和胰岛素纵向评估研究（MILES）。口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）得出空腹血糖、胰岛素、C 肽和胰岛素分泌、敏感性和处置指数。通过食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估习惯性饮食摄入。控制人口统计学、体重指数（BMI）、身体活动和能量摄入后，检查 DASH 成分与葡萄糖稳态特征之间的关系。对于显著关联，使用 DASH-P 和 DASH-NP 作为预测因子的分数，在同一模型中重复模型。DASH 和 DASH-P 评分与空腹血糖呈负相关（DASH：β=-0.036±0.012，P=0.005；DASH-P：β=-0.04±0.017，P=0.002），与胰岛素敏感性呈正相关（DASH：β=0.022±0.012，P=0.042；DASH-P：β=0.036±0.015，P=0.014）。DASH 评分与处置指数也呈正相关（β=0.026±0.013，P=0.038），但 DASH-P 与处置指数无显著关联（β=0.035±0.018，P=0.051）。DASH-NP 评分与任何结果均无关联（P>0.05）。
DASH 饮食与特定葡萄糖稳态特征的改善有关，可能源于植物性食物的增加。这种研究可能有助于针对特定代谢风险和最有效的改善这些特征的食物组来定制未来的饮食建议。
