Shank Jessica B, Are Chandrakanth, Wenos Chelsea D
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2022 Mar;13(1):40-45. doi: 10.1007/s13193-021-01429-y. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
The incidence of thyroid cancer continues to increase, representing the 5th most common cancer type in the USA today (Sherman, Lancet 361(9356):501-11, 2003). The current study sought to analyze the global burden of thyroid cancer utilizing the publicly accessible GLOBOCAN database. An estimated 586,202 cases of thyroid cancer were reported in 2020, making thyroid cancer the 10th most common cancer worldwide. The majority of thyroid cancer cases occurred in countries with a high or very high Human Development Index (HDI), accounting for 91% of new cases. With respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, the Western Pacific had the highest incidence of thyroid cancer accounting for 47.6% of cases despite representing only 25.4% of the world's population. Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality are expected to increase by 29.9% and 67%, respectively, by the year 2040. The African region is projected to experience the highest increase in both incidence (84.3%) and mortality (100.3%) over this time period. The results of our study demonstrate that the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer vary by the geographic location and socio-economic status. Although the incidence was noted to be the highest in very high HDI countries and the Western Pacific region, mortality was noted to be disproportionately higher in the low HDI countries and African region. This may be due to discrepancies in access to care and/or environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency. Further measures are required to improve the outcomes from thyroid cancer regardless of the geographic location or socio-economic status.
甲状腺癌的发病率持续上升，目前已成为美国第五大常见癌症类型（谢尔曼，《柳叶刀》361(9356):501 - 11，2003年）。本研究旨在利用可公开获取的全球癌症负担数据库（GLOBOCAN）分析甲状腺癌的全球负担。2020年报告的甲状腺癌病例估计有586,202例，使甲状腺癌成为全球第十大常见癌症。大多数甲状腺癌病例发生在人类发展指数（HDI）高或非常高的国家，占新发病例的91%。就世界卫生组织（WHO）各区域而言，西太平洋地区甲状腺癌发病率最高，占病例的47.6%，尽管该地区仅占世界人口的25.4%。预计到2040年，甲状腺癌的发病率和死亡率将分别上升29.9%和67%。预计在此期间，非洲地区的发病率（84.3%）和死亡率（100.3%）增长幅度最大。我们的研究结果表明，甲状腺癌的发病率和死亡率因地理位置和社会经济状况而异。虽然在HDI非常高的国家和西太平洋地区发病率最高，但在HDI低的国家和非洲地区，死亡率却高得不成比例。这可能是由于获得医疗服务的差异和/或诸如电离辐射和碘缺乏等环境暴露因素所致。无论地理位置或社会经济状况如何，都需要采取进一步措施来改善甲状腺癌的治疗效果。
