Tan Qi, Yang Yang, Yao Yanxi, Yang Nengrui, Jin Lulu, Hu Xiangyu, Xu Xiaolei, Wang Zhongzheng, Yang Jixin, Zheng Ji
Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2022 Oct;32(10):1071-1077. doi: 10.1089/lap.2022.0052. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
The aim of this study was to design a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic simulator and validate its training effectiveness. We designed a low-cost 3D laparoscopic simulator using magnifying glass and cardboard box. Thirty-two laparoscopic novices were randomly divided into 3D group and two-dimensional (2D) group. The 3D group was trained on 3D simulator four times with 24 hours interval, and the 2D group was trained on 2D simulator. Five standardized laparoscopic tasks were performed by novices in each training. In the second part, subjects were transferred to the opposite simulator for one test after 24 hours of the fourth training. The completing time and errors for each task were recorded to assess the construct validity of simulator. Finally, the face validity and the content validity were evaluated through a closed-ended questionnaire. There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic or psychometric variables ( > .05). Compared with the 2D group, novices using 3D simulator had a better performance in five laparoscopic tasks, including a faster completing time ( < .001) and lower errors during training ( < .05). Additionally, the increased laparoscopic skill involved with our 3D simulator could be transferred to subsequent performance in 2D simulator ( < .05). Meanwhile, the score of face validity and content validity in our 3D simulator was significantly higher than that in 2D simulator ( < .05). Our 3D laparoscopic simulator effectively improved laparoscopic skills of novice surgeons, suggesting that the low-cost 3D simulator had satisfactory performance to satisfy requirement for novice training.
本研究的目的是设计一种低成本的三维（3D）腹腔镜模拟器并验证其训练效果。我们使用放大镜和纸箱设计了一种低成本的3D腹腔镜模拟器。32名腹腔镜新手被随机分为3D组和二维（2D）组。3D组在3D模拟器上进行4次训练，间隔24小时，2D组在2D模拟器上进行训练。新手在每次训练中执行五项标准化的腹腔镜任务。在第二部分中，受试者在第四次训练24小时后转移到对面的模拟器上进行一次测试。记录每项任务的完成时间和错误，以评估模拟器的结构效度。最后，通过封闭式问卷评估表面效度和内容效度。两组在人口统计学或心理测量学变量方面无显著差异（>0.05）。与2D组相比，使用3D模拟器的新手在五项腹腔镜任务中的表现更好，包括更快的完成时间（<0.001）和训练期间更低的错误率（<0.05）。此外，我们的3D模拟器所提高的腹腔镜技能可以转移到后续在2D模拟器上的表现中（<0.05）。同时，我们的3D模拟器的表面效度和内容效度得分显著高于2D模拟器（<0.05）。我们的3D腹腔镜模拟器有效提高了新手外科医生的腹腔镜技能，表明这种低成本的3D模拟器具有令人满意的性能，能够满足新手训练的要求。
