University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.
University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland.
Horm Metab Res. 2022 Aug;54(8):522-531. doi: 10.1055/a-1834-9008. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum that includes abnormalities in liver function indicative of liver damage. Conversely, people with liver diseases are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. In the current review, we summarize first the epidemiologic evidence describing the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and liver function/liver diseases. Additionally, we present the most frequent histologic findings as well as the most important direct and indirect mechanisms supporting a COVID-19 mediated liver injury. Furthermore, we focus on the most frequent liver disease in the general population, non-alcoholic or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD), and describe how COVID-19 may affect NAFLD/MAFLD development and progression and conversely how NAFLD/MAFLD may further aggravate a COVID-19 infection. Finally, we present the long-term consequences of the pandemic on the development and management of NAFLD.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）的临床特征广泛，包括肝功能异常提示肝损伤。相反，患有肝脏疾病的人患严重 COVID-19 的风险更高。在本次综述中，我们首先总结了描述 COVID-19 与肝功能/肝脏疾病之间双向关系的流行病学证据。此外，我们介绍了最常见的组织学发现以及支持 COVID-19 介导的肝损伤的最重要的直接和间接机制。此外，我们专注于一般人群中最常见的肝脏疾病，非酒精性或代谢相关脂肪性肝病（NAFLD/MAFLD），并描述 COVID-19 如何影响 NAFLD/MAFLD 的发展和进展，反之，NAFLD/MAFLD 如何进一步加重 COVID-19 感染。最后，我们介绍了大流行对 NAFLD 的发展和管理的长期影响。
