Dolby Ted, Finning Katie, Baker Allan, Fowler-Dowd Leigh, Khunti Kamlesh, Razieh Cameron, Yates Thomas, Nafilyan Vahe
Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK.
Health Analysis and Life Events division, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022 Jul;76(7):646-652. doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-218415. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
The UK began an ambitious COVID-19 vaccination programme on 8 December 2020. This study describes variation in vaccination uptake by sociodemographic characteristics between December 2020 and August 2021.
Using population-level administrative records linked to the 2011 Census, we estimated monthly first dose vaccination rates by age group and sociodemographic characteristics among adults aged 18 years or over in England. We also present a tool to display the results interactively.
Our sample included 35 223 466 adults. A lower percentage of males than females were vaccinated in the young and middle age groups (18-59 years) but not in the older age groups. Vaccination rates were highest among individuals of White British and Indian ethnic backgrounds and lowest among Black Africans (aged ≥80 years) and Black Caribbeans (18-79 years). Differences by ethnic group emerged as soon as vaccination roll-out commenced and widened over time. Vaccination rates were also lower among individuals who identified as Muslim, lived in more deprived areas, reported having a disability, did not speak English as their main language, lived in rented housing, belonged to a lower socioeconomic group, and had fewer qualifications.
We found inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake rates by sex, ethnicity, religion, area deprivation, disability status, English language proficiency, socioeconomic position and educational attainment, but some of these differences varied by age group. Research is urgently needed to understand why these inequalities exist and how they can be addressed.
英国于2020年12月8日启动了一项雄心勃勃的新冠疫苗接种计划。本研究描述了2020年12月至2021年8月期间按社会人口学特征划分的疫苗接种率差异。
利用与2011年人口普查相关的人口层面行政记录，我们估算了英格兰18岁及以上成年人按年龄组和社会人口学特征划分的每月首剂疫苗接种率。我们还展示了一个用于交互式展示结果的工具。
我们的样本包括35223466名成年人。在年轻和中年组（18 - 59岁）中，接种疫苗的男性比例低于女性，但在老年组中并非如此。英国白人及印度裔背景的人群疫苗接种率最高，而非洲黑人（80岁及以上）和加勒比黑人（18 - 79岁）的接种率最低。种族差异在疫苗接种工作一开始就出现了，并随着时间推移而扩大。在自我认定为穆斯林、居住在贫困程度更高地区、报告有残疾、不以英语作为主要语言、居住在出租房、属于社会经济地位较低群体且学历较低的人群中，疫苗接种率也较低。
我们发现新冠疫苗接种率在性别、种族、宗教、地区贫困程度、残疾状况、英语语言能力、社会经济地位和教育程度方面存在不平等，但其中一些差异因年龄组而异。迫切需要开展研究以了解这些不平等现象存在的原因以及如何加以解决。
