School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Physiol. 2022 Jun;600(11):2729-2746. doi: 10.1113/JP282998. Epub 2022 May 13.
We studied monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs following resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training to assess genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrovascular function. Cerebrovascular function (rest, autoregulation, hypercapnia, exercise) was assessed in 86 healthy same-sex MZ (30 pairs) and DZ (13 pairs) twins, who underwent 3 months of END and RES. Carbon dioxide ( ), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) were measured and MCAv resistance (MCA ) was calculated. Resting MCAv reduced by -2.8 cm/s following RES (P = 0.024), with no change following END (-0.3 cm/s, P = 0.758). Change in MCA following RES was +0.11 mmHg/cm/s (P < 0.001), which was significantly greater than END (+0.02 mmHg/cm/s, P = 0.030). MAP also increased following RES (+4 mmHg, P = 0.010), but not END (+1 mmHg, P = 0.518). No changes were apparent in . At rest, positive response rates following RES ranged from 27 to 71% and from 40 to 64% following END. Intraclass correlations between twins were moderate for most variables at baseline. In response to training, only MZ pairs were significantly correlated for a change in MCAv (P = 0.005) and low frequency phase (P = 0.047) following RES.This study is the first to compare cerebrovascular function following RES and END in MZ and DZ twins. Most individuals who did not respond to one modality were able to respond by switching modality, and baseline heritability estimates were higher than training response. Exercise professionals should therefore consider modality and environmental factors when optimising interventions. KEY POINTS: Characterising individual responses to resistance and endurance exercise training can inform optimal strategies for exercise prescription. This study utilised monozygotic and dizygotic twins in a randomised cross-over study to determine individual responsiveness to different modalities of exercise training. The influence of environment vs. genetics on cerebrovascular responses to training was determined. It is apparent that individuals respond differently to distinct exercise stimuli and that switching modality may be a beneficial way to obtain positive responses in cerebrovascular function. This study has implications for improving individualised exercise prescription to maintain or improve cerebrovascular structure and function.
我们研究了接受抗阻（RES）和耐力（END）训练的同卵（MZ）和异卵（DZ）双胞胎，以评估遗传和环境因素对脑血管功能的影响。在 86 名健康的同性别 MZ（30 对）和 DZ（13 对）双胞胎中评估了脑血管功能（休息、自动调节、高碳酸血症、运动），这些双胞胎接受了 3 个月的 END 和 RES。测量二氧化碳（ ）、平均动脉压（MAP）和大脑中动脉速度（MCAv），并计算 MCAv 阻力（MCA ）。RES 后 MCAv 降低了-2.8cm/s（P=0.024），而 END 后没有变化（-0.3cm/s，P=0.758）。RES 后 MCA 的变化为+0.11mmHg/cm/s（P<0.001），明显大于 END（+0.02mmHg/cm/s，P=0.030）。MAP 也随着 RES 而增加（+4mmHg，P=0.010），但 END 没有变化（+1mmHg，P=0.518）。 没有变化。在休息时，RES 后的阳性反应率在 27%至 71%之间，END 后的阳性反应率在 40%至 64%之间。双胞胎之间的个体内相关性在基线时对于大多数变量是中度的。在响应训练方面，只有 MZ 对在 RES 后 MCAv 的变化（P=0.005）和低频相位（P=0.047）方面具有显著相关性。本研究首次比较了 MZ 和 DZ 双胞胎接受 RES 和 END 后的脑血管功能。大多数对一种方式没有反应的人可以通过切换方式做出反应，并且基线遗传力估计值高于训练反应。因此，运动专业人员在优化干预措施时应考虑方式和环境因素。关键点： 描述对抗阻和耐力运动训练的个体反应可以为运动处方的优化提供信息。本研究利用同卵和异卵双胞胎进行随机交叉研究，以确定个体对不同运动训练方式的反应性。 确定了环境与遗传对训练后脑血管反应的影响。显然，个体对不同的运动刺激有不同的反应，切换方式可能是获得脑血管功能积极反应的有益方法。 本研究对改善个体化运动处方以维持或改善脑血管结构和功能具有重要意义。
