School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021 Nov 1;321(5):H881-H892. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00230.2021. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
It is generally considered that regular exercise maintains brain health and reduces the risk of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. Since the benefits of different "types" of exercise are unclear, we sought to compare the impacts of endurance and resistance training on cerebrovascular function. In a randomized and crossover design, 68 young healthy adults were recruited to participate in 3 mo of resistance and endurance training. Cerebral hemodynamics through the internal carotid, vertebral, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were measured using Duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler at rest and during acute exercise, dynamic autoregulation, and cerebrovascular reactivity (to hypercapnia). Following resistance, but not endurance training, middle cerebral artery velocity and pulsatility index significantly decreased ( < 0.01 and = 0.02, respectively), whereas mean arterial pressure and indices of cerebrovascular resistance in the middle, posterior, and internal carotid arteries all increased ( < 0.05). Cerebrovascular resistance indices in response to acute exercise and hypercapnia also significantly increased following resistance ( = 0.02), but not endurance training. Our findings, which were consistent across multiple domains of cerebrovascular function, suggest that episodic increases in arterial pressure associated with resistance training may increase cerebrovascular resistance. The implications of long-term resistance training on brain health require future study, especially in populations with pre-existing cerebral hypoperfusion and/or hypotension. Three months of endurance exercise did not elicit adaptation in any domain of cerebrovascular function in young healthy inactive volunteers. However, resistance training induced decreased pulsatility in the extracranial arteries and increased indices of cerebrovascular resistance in cerebral arteries. This increase in cerebrovascular resistance, apparent at baseline and in response to both hypercapnia and acute exercise, may reflect a protective response in the face of changes in arterial pressure during resistance exercise.
一般认为，有规律的运动有助于保持大脑健康，降低中风和痴呆等脑血管疾病的风险。由于不同“类型”的运动的益处尚不清楚，我们试图比较耐力和抗阻训练对脑血管功能的影响。在一项随机交叉设计中，招募了 68 名年轻健康的成年人，他们参加了 3 个月的抗阻和耐力训练。使用双功能超声和经颅多普勒在休息和急性运动期间、动态自动调节和脑血管反应性（对高碳酸血症）测量颈内、椎动脉、大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉的脑血流动力学。在进行抗阻训练后，但不是在进行耐力训练后，大脑中动脉速度和搏动指数显著降低（<0.01 和 =0.02），而大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉和颈内动脉的平均动脉压和脑血管阻力指数均升高（<0.05）。在进行抗阻训练后，对急性运动和高碳酸血症的脑血管阻力指数也显著增加（=0.02），而在进行耐力训练后则没有增加。我们的发现与多个脑血管功能领域一致，表明与抗阻训练相关的动脉压的间歇性增加可能会增加脑血管阻力。长期抗阻训练对大脑健康的影响需要进一步研究，特别是在存在脑灌注不足和/或低血压的人群中。3 个月的耐力运动并没有引起年轻健康不活跃志愿者任何脑血管功能领域的适应性变化。然而，抗阻训练导致颅外动脉搏动性降低，大脑动脉的脑血管阻力指数增加。在基线和对高碳酸血症和急性运动的反应中，这种脑血管阻力的增加，可能反映了在抗阻运动期间动脉压变化时的一种保护反应。
