School of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2022 Jun;34(6):e13133. doi: 10.1111/jne.13133. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Links between the regulation of growth and energy balance are clear; to fuel growth, there must be consumption of energy. Therefore, it is perhaps intuitive that interactions between the hypothalamic - pituitary - growth hormone axis (growth axis) and pathways that drive metabolic processes exist. Overproduction of growth hormone has been associated with diabetes and metabolic disease for decades and the opposing effects of growth hormone and insulin have been studied since early experiments almost a century ago. The relationship between neuroendocrine axes can be complex and the growth axis is no exception, interacting with energy balance in several organ systems, both in the periphery and centrally in hypothalamic nuclei. Much is known about peripheral interactions between growth axis hormones and processes such as glucose homeostasis and adipogenesis. More is still being learned about the molecular actions of growth axis hormones in adipose and other metabolically active tissues, and recent findings are discussed in this perspective. However, less is known about interactions with central energy balance pathways in the hypothalamus. This perspective aims to summarise what is known about these interactions, taking lessons from human studies and animal genetic and seasonal models, and discusses what this may mean in an evolving landscape of personalised medicine.
生长和能量平衡之间的调节关系是明确的；为了促进生长，就必须消耗能量。因此，下丘脑-垂体-生长激素轴（生长轴）和驱动代谢过程的途径之间存在相互作用，这也许是直观的。几十年来，生长激素的过度产生与糖尿病和代谢疾病有关，而生长激素和胰岛素的相反作用自近一个世纪前的早期实验以来就一直在研究。神经内分泌轴之间的关系可能很复杂，生长轴也不例外，它与几个器官系统的能量平衡相互作用，包括外周和下丘脑核的中枢。关于生长轴激素与葡萄糖稳态和脂肪生成等过程之间的外周相互作用，人们已经了解很多。关于生长轴激素在脂肪和其他代谢活跃组织中的分子作用，人们还在不断学习，本观点对此进行了讨论。然而，关于与下丘脑中枢能量平衡途径的相互作用，人们知之甚少。本观点旨在从人类研究和动物遗传和季节性模型中吸取经验，总结这些相互作用，讨论在个性化医学不断发展的背景下这意味着什么。
