Moser Jason S
Michigan State University.
Curr Behav Neurosci Rep. 2017 Dec;4(4):309-321. doi: 10.1007/s40473-017-0132-7. Epub 2017 Sep 30.
I review the literature on the relationship between anxiety and the error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological marker of performance monitoring, across development. I cover the development of the ERN, its functional significance, and its different relationship with anxiety in young children compared to adolescents and adults.
Contemporary research indicates that the ERN becomes larger with age and shows primary sources in cingulate, frontal, and motor cortices. Functional accounts of the ERN and its relationship with anxiety emphasize either cognitive control or affective mechanisms. Converging evidence across development suggests a reduced ERN characterizes anxious young children whereas an enlarged ERN characterizes older children, adolescents and adults.
The mechanisms involved in the developmental change in the relationship between the ERN and anxiety have important implications for better understanding interactions between cognitive control, anxiety, and motivation across the lifespan. Further research is needed to address extant methodological limitations and make stronger links to related neuroscience findings and theory on the development of anxiety and self-control.
我回顾了关于焦虑与错误相关负波（ERN）之间关系的文献，ERN是一种跨发育阶段的绩效监测神经生理指标。我涵盖了ERN的发展、其功能意义，以及与青少年和成年人相比，幼儿中ERN与焦虑的不同关系。
当代研究表明，ERN随着年龄增长而变大，其主要起源于扣带回、额叶和运动皮层。对ERN及其与焦虑关系的功能解释强调认知控制或情感机制。跨发育阶段的一致证据表明，ERN降低是焦虑幼儿的特征，而ERN增大则是大龄儿童、青少年和成年人的特征。
ERN与焦虑关系的发育变化所涉及的机制，对于更好地理解认知控制、焦虑和动机在整个生命周期中的相互作用具有重要意义。需要进一步研究以解决现有方法学上的局限性，并与焦虑和自我控制发展的相关神经科学发现及理论建立更紧密的联系。
