Nitya K, Madhushankari G S, Narayan Keerthi V, Basandi Praveen S, Ramya R, Vasumathi D
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davanagere, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 23;14(3):e23430. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23430. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Forensic craniofacial reconstruction is a combination of both scientific technique and artistic skill that assist facial soft tissue approximation on the skull to obtain an image of an individual that varies in the different ethnic groups depending on genetic and environmental factors such as soft tissue norms.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the soft tissue norms for Lambani Indian tribes spread across the state of Karnataka in India and compare them with the local inherent ethnolinguistic Kannadiga population.
Forty healthy individuals encompassing 20 Lambanis and 20 Kannadigas were selected using demographic information. Lateral cephalograms obtained were analyzed for various soft tissue landmarks that include facial angle, upper lip curvature, skeletal convexity, H angle, nose tip to H-line, upper sulcus depth, lower sulcus depth, upper lip thickness, upper lip strain, lower lip to H line, soft tissue chin thickness, and glabella.
It was observed that glabella thickness, upper sulcus depth, and lower lip to H line showed a significant difference between Lambani and Kannadiga populations. Lambani's have a higher facial angle than the Kannadiga group though not statistically significant. Gender-wise comparison had shown a significant difference in variables on upper sulcus depth, glabella among females, and lower lip to H line, glabella among males.
The differences obtained between the two ethnic groups in this study clearly suggest the need for separate soft tissue thickness norms for distinctive populations that could be vital in the facial reconstruction of an individual in the field of forensic investigation to narrow down the identification process.
法医颅面重建是科学技术与艺术技巧的结合，有助于在颅骨上近似面部软组织，以获得因遗传和环境因素（如软组织规范）而在不同种族中有所差异的个体图像。
本研究旨在评估分布在印度卡纳塔克邦的兰巴尼印第安部落的软组织规范，并将其与当地固有的民族语言群体卡纳达加人进行比较。
利用人口统计学信息选取了40名健康个体，其中包括20名兰巴尼人和20名卡纳达加人。对获得的侧位头颅X线片分析了各种软组织标志点，包括面部角、上唇曲率、骨骼凸度、H角、鼻尖至H线、上沟深度、下沟深度、上唇厚度、上唇张力、下唇至H线、软组织颏厚度和眉间。
观察到眉间厚度、上沟深度和下唇至H线在兰巴尼人和卡纳达加人群体之间存在显著差异。兰巴尼人的面部角高于卡纳达加人群体，尽管差异无统计学意义。按性别比较显示，上沟深度、女性眉间以及下唇至H线、男性眉间等变量存在显著差异。
本研究中两个种族群体之间的差异清楚地表明，需要为不同人群制定单独的软组织厚度规范，这在法医调查领域对个体面部重建以缩小识别过程可能至关重要。
