Hastings Cent Rep. 2022 Mar;52(2):4-6. doi: 10.1002/hast.1348.
In 2006, the United Nations issued the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The Convention, together with an accompanying commentary, urges governments to abandon laws authorizing guardianship and substitute decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities and to replace them with supportive decision-making laws that give all individuals the freedom to make choices reflecting their "will and preferences." Although critics point to ethical and legal problems with this approach, the Convention and commentary offer guidance to clinicians, ethicists, and others involved in evaluating medical decision-making. Whether or not it leads to formal legal action, the Convention rightly urges us to give people with cognitive impairments a greater role in decisions about their lives.
2006 年，联合国发布了《残疾人权利公约》。该公约及其配套评注敦促各国政府废除授权监护和替代决策的法律，代之以支持性决策法律，使所有人都有自由做出反映其“意愿和偏好”的选择。尽管批评者指出这种方法存在伦理和法律问题，但该公约和评注为参与评估医疗决策的临床医生、伦理学家和其他人提供了指导。无论是否导致正式的法律行动，该公约都正确地敦促我们让认知障碍者在涉及他们生活的决策中发挥更大的作用。
