Walker Hannah E, Wamser-Nanney Rachel
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Oct;24(4):2319-2332. doi: 10.1177/15248380221093692. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Revictimization research, to date, has primarily focused on sexual revictimization (i.e., child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault), which has resulted in a lack of understanding of trauma revictimization more generally. Specifically, it is unclear what factors are placing individuals with a history of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing intimate partner violence [IPV]) at greater risk for subsequent adult victimization (i.e., sexual assault and IPV). Existing theoretical and empirical work on revictimization suggest that multiple risk factors are likely present within this framework (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], emotion dysregulation, and risk-taking behaviors). Prior research has suggested that PTSS are often linked with these other risk factors, and it is possible that the development of PTSS following child maltreatment may be related to the development or maintenance of additional factors that increase the likelihood of revictimization. The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings regarding risk factors that place maltreated individuals at greater risk for adult revictimization. Approximately 228 studies were identified following a thorough search of the peer-reviewed literature using multiple databases (PsycINFO, PILOTS, and Google Scholar). Each study was critically analyzed for relevance. The included studies were used in our review of prevalence, specific risk factors that have been identified, and unanswered questions in this literature. PTSS were noted to be particularly important in the revictimization framework, and thus, a novel model of revictimization was also proposed where PTSS are illustrated as being associated with the development and maintenance of other factors within the revictimization framework.
迄今为止，再受害研究主要集中在性再受害（即儿童性虐待和成人性侵犯）方面，这导致人们对更广泛的创伤再受害缺乏了解。具体而言，尚不清楚哪些因素会使有儿童期虐待史（即性虐待、身体虐待以及目睹亲密伴侣暴力[IPV]）的个体在成年后遭受后续侵害（即性侵犯和IPV）的风险更高。现有的关于再受害的理论和实证研究表明，在此框架内可能存在多种风险因素（例如创伤后应激症状[PTSS]、情绪调节障碍和冒险行为）。先前的研究表明，PTSS通常与这些其他风险因素相关联，并且儿童期虐待后PTSS的发展可能与增加再受害可能性的其他因素的发展或维持有关。本综述的目的是综合有关使受虐待个体在成年后再受害风险更高的风险因素的研究结果。通过使用多个数据库（PsycINFO、PILOTS和谷歌学术）对同行评审文献进行全面检索，共识别出约228项研究。对每项研究的相关性进行了严格分析。纳入的研究用于我们对患病率、已确定的特定风险因素以及该文献中未解决问题的综述。PTSS在再受害框架中被认为尤为重要，因此，还提出了一种新的再受害模型，其中PTSS被描述为与再受害框架内其他因素的发展和维持相关。
