Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 20;835:155491. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155491. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Long-term intensive open-pit mining can have huge impacts on ecosystems and the services they provide, affecting the integrity of ecosystem structures, functions and process and thus the "ecological security" of a whole mining region. The indirect and direct impacts of mining are spatially and temporally complex and therefore ecological security patterns need to be considered. However, to date there has been little research focusing on ecological security patterns in mining regions. This study aims to model and map ecological security and restoration priorities in an intensive open-cut coal mining region accounting for spatio-temporal changes of multiple ecosystem services. Four ecosystem services including habitat quality, carbon sequestration, water yield, and sediment retention were assessed and mapped in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Next ecological security patterns and restoration priorities were modelled and characterized using the Self-Organizing Feature Map to identify ecological sources, and circuit theory in Linkage Mapper to characterize connectivity and flows. The results showed that habitat quality, carbon sequestration, and water yield services were most affected by vegetation cover changes due to mining exploitation, while sediment retention was influenced by multiple natural factors, especially topography. Ecological sources, corridors, pinch-points and barriers showed various changing trends due to mined and built-up land expansion over time. Ecological source area declined from 1355.08km in 2000 to 584.92 km in 2020, while the number of corridors increased from 17 in 2000 to 25 in 2010 and then decreased to 21 in 2020. Although restoration has been conducted on some mine sites, regional-scale restoration needs greater consideration. This study provides decision-makers and stakeholders with a method for assessing regional-scale ecological security and restoration in a holistic and systematic way moving beyond a single mine, which is critical for balancing ecological security protection with minerals production in intensive mining regions.
长期的露天开采会对生态系统及其提供的服务产生巨大影响，影响生态系统结构、功能和过程的完整性，从而影响整个矿区的“生态安全”。采矿的间接和直接影响在空间和时间上都很复杂，因此需要考虑生态安全格局。然而，迄今为止，针对矿区生态安全格局的研究甚少。本研究旨在针对一个高强度露天采煤区，构建并绘制考虑到多种生态系统服务时空变化的生态安全和恢复优先级的模型。在 1990 年、2000 年、2010 年和 2020 年，评估和绘制了包括栖息地质量、碳固存、产水量和泥沙截留在内的 4 种生态系统服务。接下来，使用自组织特征映射图识别生态源，以及在 Linkage Mapper 中使用电路理论来表征连通性和流，对生态安全格局和恢复优先级进行建模和特征描述。结果表明，由于采矿开发导致植被覆盖变化，栖息地质量、碳固存和产水量服务最受影响，而泥沙截留受多种自然因素影响，特别是地形。由于采矿和建设用地随时间的扩展，生态源、廊道、瓶颈和障碍呈现出各种变化趋势。生态源区从 2000 年的 1355.08km 减少到 2020 年的 584.92km，而廊道数量从 2000 年的 17 条增加到 2010 年的 25 条，然后减少到 2020 年的 21 条。尽管一些矿区已经进行了恢复，但区域尺度的恢复需要更多的考虑。本研究为决策者和利益相关者提供了一种评估区域尺度生态安全和恢复的方法，超越了单一矿山的评估，这对于平衡高强度采矿区的生态安全保护和矿产生产至关重要。
