Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Quaid-e-Azam College of Pharmacy, Pakpattan road Sahiwal, Pakistan.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Oct;21(10):5168-5180. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15024. Epub 2022 May 10.
Spinacia oleracea (SO) exhibits radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity indicating potential as a depigmenting agent.
To develop and characterize a stable emulsified system containing SO extract through ultra-high pressure homogenization, evaluate skin permeability, and enumerate in vivo performance in terms of melanin index, skin spots analysis, and related skin physiological parameters.
Free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition potential of SO extract was quantified through DPPH radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay, respectively. Six SO extract loaded ultra-high pressure emulsified systems (UHSO) were developed using ultra-high pressure homogenizer and assessed for size and polydispersity index (PDI). Among the prepared formulations, the optimized formulation (UHSO6) was subjected to 90 days stability studies performed at 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C+75% RH (relative humidity) for organoleptic features, pH, and rheology. Ex vivo skin permeability studies were performed on abdominal skin from male albino rat. Changes in skin physiological parameters were evaluated in healthy female volunteers (n = 13) for 12 weeks utilizing mexameter , corneometer , and sebumeter . Skin spots were analyzed through computerized analysis of high-resolution images by visioFace .
SO extract exhibited promising antioxidant (88±0.0096%) and tyrosinase inhibition potential (90.6 ± 0.0015 mg of Kojic Acid Eq/g of extract). Optimized UHSO was found to be stable with respect to stability evaluation, globule size (1110 nm), zeta potential (-27.6), and PDI (0.34). Ex vivo skin permeation of UHSO was significantly higher than SO loaded coarse emulsion. Moreover, the formulation showed a significant decrease in skin melanin, spot count, and spot % area, whereas skin hydration index was improved significantly.
Stable SO extract loaded emulsion system was successfully developed by a novel, cost-effective technique of ultra-high pressure homogenization which showed improved performance in terms of skin permeation and other skin physiological parameters.
菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）具有自由基清除和酪氨酸酶抑制活性，表明其具有作为脱色剂的潜力。
通过超高压均质法开发并表征含有菠菜提取物的稳定乳剂系统，评估其皮肤渗透性，并从黑色素指数、皮肤斑点分析和相关皮肤生理参数方面列举体内性能。
通过 DPPH 自由基清除和蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制试验分别定量测定菠菜提取物的自由基清除和酪氨酸酶抑制潜能。使用超高压匀浆机制备六种负载菠菜提取物的超高压乳剂系统（UHSO），并评估其粒径和多分散指数（PDI）。在制备的配方中，对优化配方（UHSO6）进行 90 天的稳定性研究，在 8°C、25°C、40°C 和 40°C+75%相对湿度（RH）下进行感官特征、pH 值和流变学研究。在雄性白化大鼠的腹部皮肤上进行体外皮肤渗透性研究。在 12 周内，利用 mexameter、corneometer 和 sebumeter 评估健康女性志愿者（n=13）的皮肤生理参数变化。通过 visioFace 对高分辨率图像进行计算机化分析来分析皮肤斑点。
菠菜提取物表现出有前景的抗氧化活性（88±0.0096%）和酪氨酸酶抑制活性（90.6±0.0015mg kojic Acid Eq/g 提取物）。优化的 UHSO 在稳定性评价、粒径（1110nm）、zeta 电位（-27.6）和 PDI（0.34）方面均表现出稳定性。与负载粗乳液的 SO 相比，UHSO 的体外皮肤渗透显著增加。此外，该配方还显著降低了皮肤黑色素、斑点计数和斑点%面积，同时显著提高了皮肤水合指数。
通过超高压均质这一新颖且具有成本效益的技术成功开发了稳定的菠菜提取物负载乳剂系统，在皮肤渗透和其他皮肤生理参数方面表现出更好的性能。
