Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China.
Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2022 Sep;477(9):2257-2268. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04445-w. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis is increased in patients with diabetes, while vitamin D deficiency is associated with both diabetes and periodontitis. Thus, there is a need to identify the molecular effects of vitamin D on the regulation of inflammation and glucose in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched for studies of the molecular effects of vitamin D. Molecular effects were reportedly mediated by salivary secretions, interactions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with receptors of AGEs (RAGEs), cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways linking diabetes with periodontitis. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and numbers of immune cells; it also has antibacterial effects. Vitamin D reduces cytokine levels through regulation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Toll-like receptor 1/2 pathways, along with the suppression of interleukin expression. Glucose homeostasis is altered in diabetes either because of reduced insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. These vitamin D-related alterations of glucoregulatory factors may contribute to hyperglycaemia; hyperglycaemia may also lead to alterations of glucoregulatory factors. This review discusses the pathways involved in glucose regulation and effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose regulation. Further studies are needed to characterise the effects of vitamin D on diabetes-associated periodontitis.
糖尿病是一种与多种并发症相关的代谢紊乱，包括牙周炎。糖尿病患者发生牙周炎的风险增加，而维生素 D 缺乏与糖尿病和牙周炎都有关。因此，有必要确定维生素 D 对糖尿病相关牙周炎中炎症和葡萄糖调节的分子作用。在 Web of Science、Scopus 和 PubMed 数据库中搜索了关于维生素 D 分子作用的研究。据报道，分子作用是通过唾液分泌、晚期糖基化终产物 (AGEs) 与 AGEs 受体 (RAGEs) 的相互作用、细胞因子和将糖尿病与牙周炎联系起来的氧化应激途径来介导的。维生素 D 补充通过降低炎症细胞因子水平和免疫细胞数量来减轻糖尿病相关牙周炎中的炎症；它还具有抗菌作用。维生素 D 通过调节细胞外信号相关激酶 1/2 和 Toll 样受体 1/2 途径以及抑制白细胞介素表达来降低细胞因子水平。糖尿病中葡萄糖稳态的改变要么是由于胰岛素产生减少，要么是由于胰岛素敏感性降低。这些与维生素 D 相关的糖调节因子的改变可能导致高血糖；高血糖也可能导致糖调节因子的改变。这篇综述讨论了葡萄糖调节的途径和维生素 D 补充对葡萄糖调节的影响。需要进一步的研究来描述维生素 D 对糖尿病相关牙周炎的影响。
