Papathanasiou Evangelos, Alreshaid Reem, Araujo de Godoi Mariely
Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2023 Mar 27;12(4):520. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12040520.
Periodontitis is a multi-faceted inflammatory disease that impacts the gingiva and the structures that support our teeth, and may eventually increase tooth mobility and the risk of tooth loss. Inflammation is a viable therapeutic target of periodontitis for both biologic (dietary) and host modulatory agents/drugs. Conventional therapeutic approaches for periodontitis, including nonsurgical or surgical periodontal therapy as well as occasional adjunctive antimicrobial therapy, have been only marginally effective. Malnutrition, or at least poor dietary habits, can be highly prevalent among patients with periodontal diseases. As several food nutrients can aid in periodontal healing and regeneration, there is a critical need to evaluate natural dietary sources and supplement ingredients that can counterbalance the inflammatory processes and improve the periodontal status of our patients. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge (search period: 2010 to 2022; PubMed and Web of Science) on the anti-inflammatory actions of food ingredients and supplements in clinical studies of patients with periodontal diseases. A diet that includes fruits and vegetables, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and supplements of vitamins and plant-derived compounds seems to counteract gingival inflammation and has a promising therapeutic impact in patients with periodontal diseases. Despite the positive indications that several nutrients can be used as an adjunct to periodontal therapy, additional studies with bigger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to elucidate their therapeutic benefits and the most effective doses and administration.
牙周炎是一种多方面的炎症性疾病，会影响牙龈以及支撑牙齿的结构，并最终可能增加牙齿松动和牙齿脱落的风险。炎症是牙周炎在生物（饮食）和宿主调节因子/药物方面可行的治疗靶点。牙周炎的传统治疗方法，包括非手术或手术牙周治疗以及偶尔的辅助抗菌治疗，效果一直不太理想。营养不良，或者至少是不良的饮食习惯，在牙周病患者中可能非常普遍。由于几种食物营养素有助于牙周愈合和再生，因此迫切需要评估能够平衡炎症过程并改善患者牙周状况的天然饮食来源和补充剂成分。在此，我们回顾了关于食物成分和补充剂在牙周病患者临床研究中的抗炎作用的当前知识状态（检索时间段：2010年至2022年；PubMed和科学网）。包含水果和蔬菜、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸以及维生素和植物衍生化合物补充剂的饮食似乎可以对抗牙龈炎症，并且对牙周病患者具有有前景的治疗作用。尽管有积极迹象表明几种营养素可用作牙周治疗的辅助手段，但仍需要更多样本量更大、随访期更长的研究来阐明它们的治疗益处以及最有效的剂量和给药方式。
