King Jacqueline, Harder Timm, Globig Anja, Stacker Lina, Günther Anne, Grund Christian, Beer Martin, Pohlmann Anne
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany.
Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems 17493, Germany.
Virus Evol. 2022 Apr 13;8(1):veac035. doi: 10.1093/ve/veac035. eCollection 2022.
From October 2020 to July 2021, five different subtypes (H5N8, H5N5, H5N1, H5N4, and H5N3) and seven genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b were detected in a broad array of avian hosts in Germany. Initial incursion by wild birds with an unprecedented involvement of charadriiforme species at the Wadden Sea coast only carrying subtype H5N3, lateral spread between poultry with detection of novel reassortants and mixed infections in poultry holdings, suspected spillback of HPAIV from poultry to wild birds, and detection of HPAIV-infected wild birds during the following summer in 2021 were hallmarks of this epizootic. Local reassortment events with low pathogenic AIV strains were detected by phylogenetic analyses, with a dominating HP H5N8 and later HP H5N1 strain responsible for most cases. In addition, the first-ever described HPAIV strain of subtype H5N4 could be genetically characterized.
2020年10月至2021年7月期间，在德国的各类禽类宿主中检测到属于2.3.4.4b分支的5种不同亚型（H5N8、H5N5、H5N1、H5N4和H5N3）以及7种高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）基因型。野生鸟类最初入侵，在瓦登海海岸前所未有的涉禽物种仅携带H5N3亚型，在家禽中横向传播，在家禽养殖场检测到新型重配体和混合感染，疑似HPAIV从家禽反向传播到野生鸟类，以及在2021年接下来的夏季检测到感染HPAIV的野生鸟类，这些都是此次 epizootic的特征。通过系统发育分析检测到与低致病性禽流感病毒毒株的局部重配事件，其中占主导地位的高致病性H5N8毒株以及后来的高致病性H5N1毒株导致了大多数病例。此外，首次描述的H5N4亚型高致病性禽流感病毒毒株能够进行基因特征分析。
