Nešović Milica, Gašić Uroš, Tosti Tomislav, Horvacki Nikola, Nedić Nebojša, Sredojević Milica, Blagojević Stevan, Ignjatović Ljubiša, Tešić Živoslav
Institute of General and Physical Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11158 Belgrade Serbia.
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
RSC Adv. 2021 Jul 28;11(42):25816-25829. doi: 10.1039/d1ra04250e. eCollection 2021 Jul 27.
The aim of this study was to provide information on the phenolic and sugar profiles of different parts of the buckwheat plant, which can define that buckwheat is a functional food, with a high nutritional value and very useful for human health. Therefore, the extracts of buckwheat leaf, stem, and flower, as well as buckwheat grain were analysed for the content of polyphenol and antioxidant tests. The identification of a notable number of phenolic compounds and quantification of sugars in different parts of buckwheat indicates that buckwheat is a highly valuable plant. A total of 60 phenolic compounds were identified (18 cinnamic acid derivatives, 14 flavonols, 13 flavan-3-ols (including proanthocyanidins), 10 hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, and 5 flavones) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), coupled with a hybrid mass spectrometer which combines the Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) and OrbiTrap mass analyzer. The highest number of phenolic compounds was found in the analysed buckwheat flower sample, and then in the leaf, followed by the grain and the stem. In addition, the sugar profile of buckwheat leaf, stem, flower and grain, as well as the buckwheat pollen and the nectar was analysed. Hence, 16 sugars and 5 sugar alcohols were detected by the high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with a pulsed amperometric detector (PAD). Sucrose was found in a significant amount with the highest content in buckwheat leaf. Trisaccharides had similar accumulation in the sample extracts, while disaccharides dominated in buckwheat leaf, followed by nectar and pollen. The sugar alcohols showed the highest content in buckwheat grain, where erythritol was predominant. The obtained results show that buckwheat is very rich in phenolic compounds and sugars. In addition to grain, the other parts of the buckwheat plant can be used as a very good source of different classes of phenolic compounds. This study provides useful information on the distribution of phytochemicals in different parts of the buckwheat plant, which contribute to the maintaining of the status of buckwheat as a functional food.
本研究的目的是提供有关荞麦植株不同部位酚类和糖类成分的信息，这些信息可以确定荞麦是一种功能性食品，具有很高的营养价值且对人体健康非常有益。因此，对荞麦叶、茎、花以及荞麦籽粒的提取物进行了多酚含量分析和抗氧化测试。在荞麦不同部位鉴定出大量酚类化合物并对糖类进行定量分析，这表明荞麦是一种极具价值的植物。使用超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）结合线性离子阱四极杆（LTQ）和轨道阱质量分析仪的混合质谱仪，共鉴定出60种酚类化合物（18种肉桂酸衍生物、14种黄酮醇、13种黄烷-3-醇（包括原花青素）、10种羟基苯甲酸衍生物和5种黄酮）。在所分析的荞麦花样品中发现的酚类化合物数量最多，其次是叶，然后是籽粒和茎。此外，还分析了荞麦叶、茎、花、籽粒以及荞麦花粉和花蜜的糖类成分。因此，通过配备脉冲安培检测器（PAD）的高效阴离子交换色谱（HPAEC）检测到16种糖类和5种糖醇。发现蔗糖含量较高，在荞麦叶中含量最高。三糖在样品提取物中的积累情况相似，而二糖在荞麦叶中占主导地位, 其次是花蜜和花粉。糖醇在荞麦籽粒中的含量最高，其中赤藓醇占主导。所得结果表明，荞麦富含酚类化合物和糖类。除了籽粒外，荞麦植株的其他部位也可作为不同种类酚类化合物的优质来源。本研究提供了有关荞麦植株不同部位植物化学物质分布的有用信息，这有助于维持荞麦作为功能性食品的地位。
