College of Ecology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Molecules. 2022 Jun 18;27(12):3921. doi: 10.3390/molecules27123921.
Houttuynia cordata is a medicinal and edible plant with a wide biological interest. Many parts were discarded due to various modes of consumption, resulting in resource waste. In this study, a comprehensive study was conducted on various edible indicators and medicinal components of Houttuynia cordata to understand its edible and medicinal value. The edible indexes of each root, stem, and leaf were determined, and the metabolites of different parts were investigated using the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction technique (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The differential metabolites were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and clustering analysis. The results of the study showed that the parts of Houttuynia cordata with high edibility values as a vegetable were mainly the roots and leaves, with the highest vitamin C content in the roots and the highest total flavonoids, soluble sugars, and total protein in the leaves. The nutrient content of all the stems of Houttuynia cordata was lower and significantly different from the roots and leaves (p < 0.05). In addition, 209 metabolites were isolated from Houttuynia cordata, 135 in the roots, 146 in the stems, 158 in the leaves, and 91 shared metabolites. The clustering analysis and OPLS-DA found that the parts of Houttuynia cordata can be mainly divided into above-ground parts (leaves and stems) and underground parts (roots). When comparing the differential metabolites between the above-ground parts and underground parts, it was found that the most important medicinal component of Houttuynia cordata, 2-undecanone, was mainly concentrated in the underground parts. The cluster analysis resulted in 28 metabolites with up-regulation and 17 metabolites with down-regulation in the underground parts. Most of the main components of the underground part have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antiviral, which are more suitable for drug development. Furthermore, the above-ground part has more spice components and good antioxidant capacity, which is suitable for the extraction of edible flavors. Therefore, by comparing and analyzing the differences between the edible and medicinal uses of different parts of Houttuynia cordata as a medicinal and food plant, good insights can be obtained into food development, pharmaceutical applications, agricultural development, and the hygiene and cosmetic industries. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control and clinical use.
鱼腥草是一种具有广泛生物学兴趣的药用和食用植物。由于各种食用方式，许多部分被丢弃，造成了资源浪费。本研究对鱼腥草的各种食用指标和药用成分进行了综合研究，以了解其食用和药用价值。测定了每根茎、叶的食用指标，并采用顶空固相微萃取技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）研究了不同部位的代谢产物。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）和聚类分析筛选差异代谢物。研究结果表明，作为蔬菜食用价值较高的鱼腥草部分主要是根和叶，根中维生素 C 含量最高，叶中总黄酮、可溶性糖和总蛋白含量最高。鱼腥草所有茎的营养含量均较低，与根和叶有显著差异（p<0.05）。此外，从鱼腥草中分离出 209 种代谢物，根中 135 种，茎中 146 种，叶中 158 种，共有 91 种代谢物。聚类分析和 OPLS-DA 发现，鱼腥草部分可分为地上部分（叶和茎）和地下部分（根）。比较地上部分和地下部分的差异代谢物，发现鱼腥草最重要的药用成分 2-十一酮主要集中在地下部分。聚类分析导致地下部分有 28 种代谢物上调，17 种代谢物下调。地下部分的主要成分大多具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒等药理作用，更适合药物开发。此外，地上部分具有更多的香料成分和良好的抗氧化能力，适合提取食用香精。因此，通过比较和分析鱼腥草作为药食两用植物不同部位的食用和药用差异，可以深入了解食品开发、药物应用、农业发展以及卫生和化妆品行业。本文为质量控制和临床应用提供了科学依据。
