Obas Katrina Ann, Bytyci-Katanolli Ariana, Kwiatkowski Marek, Ramadani Qamile, Fota Nicu, Jerliu Naim, Statovci Shukrije, Gerold Jana, Zahorka Manfred, Probst-Hensch Nicole
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 5;10:794309. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.794309. eCollection 2022.
Kosovo has the lowest life expectancy in the Balkans. Primary healthcare (PHC) plays an essential role in non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention. We described primary, secondary and tertiary prevention indicators in Kosovo and assessed their association with depressive symptoms.
PHC users ( = 977) from the Kosovo NCD cohort baseline study were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Cross-sectional associations between depressive symptoms and prevention indicators were quantified with mixed logistic regression models.
Poor nutrition (85%), physical inactivity (70%), obesity (53%), and smoking (21%) were common NCD risk factors. Many cases of hypertension (19%), diabetes (16%) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (45%) remained undetected by a PHC professional. Uncontrolled hypertension (28%), diabetes (79%), and COPD (76%) were also common. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with physical inactivity (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.05 per 1-point increase in DASS-21) and undetected COPD (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00-1.15), but inversely with undetected diabetes (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-1.00).
Continued attention and tailored modifications to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in Kosovo are needed to narrow the Balkan health gap.
科索沃的预期寿命在巴尔干地区最低。初级卫生保健（PHC）在非传染性疾病（NCD）预防中发挥着至关重要的作用。我们描述了科索沃的一级、二级和三级预防指标，并评估了它们与抑郁症状的关联。
纳入了科索沃非传染性疾病队列基线研究中的初级卫生保健使用者（n = 977）。使用抑郁焦虑压力量表-21评估抑郁症状。通过混合逻辑回归模型量化抑郁症状与预防指标之间的横断面关联。
营养不良（85%）、身体活动不足（70%）、肥胖（53%）和吸烟（21%）是常见的非传染性疾病危险因素。许多高血压病例（19%）、糖尿病病例（16%）和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病例（45%）未被初级卫生保健专业人员检测到。高血压控制不佳（28%）、糖尿病（79%）和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（76%）也很常见。抑郁症状与身体活动不足（OR 1.02；95% CI 1.00 - 1.05，DASS - 21每增加1分）和未检测到的慢性阻塞性肺疾病呈正相关（OR 1.07；95% CI 1.00 - 1.15），但与未检测到的糖尿病呈负相关（OR 0.95；95% CI 0.91 - 1.00）。
需要持续关注并针对科索沃的一级、二级和三级预防进行针对性调整，以缩小巴尔干地区的健康差距。
