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社区特征与亲密伴侣暴力的地理分布:社会失序理论的部分检验。

Community Characteristics and the Geographic Distribution of Intimate Partner Violence: A Partial Test of Social Disorganization Theory.

机构信息

School of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 539379Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.

出版信息

J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jan;38(1-2):NP1494-NP1516. doi: 10.1177/08862605221092070. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Abstract

Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory has provided a framework to examine the relationship between community-level structural variables and neighborhood crime. Although empirical support for the theory has been widely demonstrated using property and violent crime data, the body of literature examining the theory's applicability to intimate partner violence (IPV) is more limited. Further, much of the existing literature in this area applies the theory's macro-level variables to individual outcomes instead of assessing community effects. Using negative binomial regression to analyze incident data from the Austin (TX) Police Department and demographic information from the United States Census Bureau, this study assesses the relationship between concentrated disadvantage, racial/ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability, and the geographic distribution of IPV incidents in a major U.S. city with no racial or ethnic majority. The independent variables of interest were constructed using principal axis factoring, and a spatial lag variable was included in the model to control for spatial clustering. The analysis showed that concentrated disadvantage was significantly, positively associated with annual counts of IPV incidents in neighborhoods, as was the control variable total crime reports. These results demonstrate that the geographic distribution of IPV is influenced by community factors. They underscore the importance of considering community-wide prevention and intervention efforts in tandem with individual services to those impacted by IPV.

摘要

肖和麦凯的社会失序理论为检验社区层面结构变量与邻里犯罪之间的关系提供了一个框架。虽然使用财产犯罪和暴力犯罪数据广泛证明了该理论的实证支持,但检验该理论对亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)适用性的文献则更为有限。此外,该领域的许多现有文献将该理论的宏观层面变量应用于个体结果,而不是评估社区效应。本研究使用负二项回归分析了来自奥斯汀(德克萨斯州)警察局的事件数据和美国人口普查局的人口统计信息,评估了集中劣势、种族/民族异质性、居住不稳定以及美国一个没有种族或族裔多数的主要城市中 IPV 事件的地理分布之间的关系。使用主轴因子分析构建了感兴趣的自变量,并在模型中包含了一个空间滞后变量,以控制空间聚类。分析表明,集中劣势与邻里 IPV 事件的年度计数呈显著正相关,控制变量总犯罪报告也是如此。这些结果表明,IPV 的地理分布受到社区因素的影响。它们强调了在考虑到受 IPV 影响的个人服务的同时,考虑到针对整个社区的预防和干预措施的重要性。

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