University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Dec;36(23-24):NP13162-NP13184. doi: 10.1177/0886260520906183. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Within a lifetime, one in four women and more than one in 10 men will experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Researchers have begun to examine physical and social neighborhood risk factors of IPV, often using cross-sectional data. Most studies focus on risk or promotive factors. Often, neighborhood factors are studied through the lens of social disorganization theory, which focuses on how a neighborhood slips into a violent and crime-ridden place. Busy streets theory provides an alternative perspective, focusing on how building up community assets and resources may help create a safe and vibrant neighborhood. A conceptual approach that utilizes risk and promotive neighborhood variables may help develop new conceptual frameworks for understanding how context may decrease risk for, or moderate, the negative consequences of IPV. Using five waves of data from a 24-year longitudinal study, we employ multilevel linear regression models to examine the trajectory of IPV experiences in relation to positive perceptions of neighborhood, neighborhood cohesion, and informal social control in individuals aged 28 to 33 years. We control for the neighborhood and individual-level risk factors of alcohol consumption, drug use, observed neighborhood violence, and demographic factors of age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. We found that positive perceptions of neighborhood, alcohol consumption, drug use, economic need, and observed neighborhood violence are associated with IPV. Levels of IPV risk were relatively constant within individuals across waves, but varied significantly between individuals. The measure of positive perceptions of neighborhood is derived from busy streets theory, which may be a useful conceptual framework for understanding how neighborhoods may contribute to positive social contexts that can protect residents from IPV experiences, and potentially other violent behavior. Additional research examining promotive social neighborhood features derived from busy streets theory may help expand our understanding of contextual factors that affect IPV.
在人的一生当中，有四分之一的女性和超过十分之一的男性会经历亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。研究人员已经开始研究 IPV 的身体和社会邻里风险因素，通常使用横截面数据。大多数研究都关注风险或促进因素。通常，邻里因素是通过社会解体理论来研究的，该理论侧重于邻里如何陷入暴力和犯罪猖獗的地方。忙碌街道理论提供了另一种视角，侧重于如何建立社区资产和资源，以帮助创建一个安全和充满活力的邻里。利用风险和促进邻里变量的概念方法可能有助于为理解环境如何降低 IPV 的风险或缓和其负面影响开发新的概念框架。本研究使用了一项为期 24 年的纵向研究的五波数据，我们采用多层次线性回归模型来检验个体在 28 至 33 岁时的 IPV 经历与对邻里的积极看法、邻里凝聚力和非正式社会控制之间的轨迹。我们控制了邻里和个体层面的风险因素，包括饮酒、吸毒、观察到的邻里暴力以及年龄、种族、性别和社会经济地位等人口因素。我们发现，对邻里的积极看法、饮酒、吸毒、经济需求和观察到的邻里暴力与 IPV 有关。个体在各波次中 IPV 风险水平相对稳定，但个体之间差异显著。对邻里的积极看法的衡量标准来自忙碌街道理论，这可能是一个有用的概念框架，可以帮助我们理解邻里如何为积极的社会环境做出贡献，从而保护居民免受 IPV 经历的影响，并可能免受其他暴力行为的影响。进一步研究源自忙碌街道理论的促进社会邻里特征的研究可能有助于扩大我们对影响 IPV 的环境因素的理解。
