Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
School of Arts, 2240Kent University, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jan;38(1-2):NP1654-NP1689. doi: 10.1177/08862605221090571. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
High-quality video and audio recordings of violent crimes, captured using now ubiquitous digital technologies, play an increasingly important role in the administration of justice. However, the effects of exposure to gruesome material presented in this form on criminal justice professionals who analyze, evaluate, and use this potentially traumatic content in the context of their work, are largely unknown. Using long interviews and constructivist grounded theory, this qualitative study sought to explore experiences of exposure to video evidence of violent crime among Canadian criminal justice professionals. Sixteen individuals including police, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, law clerks, and court reporters volunteered to participate in qualitative long interviews asking about workplace exposures to violent videos. Themes identified address the ubiquity of video evidence of violent crime; proximity to violence through video; being blindsided through lack of preparedness for violent content; repeated exposures through multiple and protracted viewings; insufficient customary methods for self-protection; and the enduring impact of exposure to videoed violence. We determine that criminal justice professionals are increasingly and repeatedly presented with deeply disturbing imagery that was once imperceptible or unknowable and thus previously held at a greater distance. Elements of what is newly visible and audible in video evidence of violent crime create a new emotional proximity to violence that potentially increases the risks of secondary trauma and underscores the need for improved safety measures.
高质量的暴力犯罪视频和音频记录,使用现在无处不在的数字技术捕捉,在司法中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而,暴露于这种形式呈现的可怕材料对分析、评估和在工作中使用这种潜在创伤性内容的刑事司法专业人员的影响在很大程度上是未知的。本研究采用长访谈和建构主义扎根理论,旨在探索加拿大刑事司法专业人员接触暴力犯罪视频证据的经历。包括警察、律师、法官、精神病学家、法律书记员和法庭记者在内的 16 人自愿参加了长访谈,询问他们在工作中接触暴力视频的情况。确定的主题包括暴力犯罪视频证据的普遍存在;通过视频接近暴力;由于缺乏对暴力内容的准备而感到意外;通过多次和长时间观看重复暴露;自我保护的惯用方法不足;以及接触视频暴力的持久影响。我们确定,刑事司法专业人员越来越频繁地接触到曾经难以察觉或未知的令人深感不安的图像,这些图像以前距离更远。暴力犯罪视频证据中可见和可听的新元素与暴力产生了新的情感联系,这可能增加二次创伤的风险,并强调需要采取更好的安全措施。