Mohammed Yousuf, Holmes Amy, Kwok Philip Chi Lip, Kumeria Tushar, Namjoshi Sarika, Imran Mohammad, Matteucci Lana, Ali Masood, Tai Waiting, Benson Heather A E, Roberts Michael S
Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Jul;186:114293. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114293. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Epithelial surfaces protect exposed tissues in the body against intrusion of foreign materials, including xenobiotics, pollen and microbiota. The relative permeability of the various epithelia reflects their extent of exposure to the external environment and is in the ranking: intestinal≈ nasal ≥ bronchial ≥ tracheal > vaginal ≥ rectal > blood-perilymph barrier (otic), corneal > buccal > skin. Each epithelium also varies in their morphology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology and external fluid in line with their function. Each epithelium is also used as drug delivery sites to treat local conditions and, in some cases, for systemic delivery. The associated delivery systems have had to evolve to enable the delivery of larger drugs and biologicals, such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and biologicals and now include a range of physical, chemical, electrical, light, sound and other enhancement technologies. In addition, the quality-by-design approach to product regulation and the growth of generic products have also fostered advancement in epithelial drug delivery systems.
上皮表面保护体内暴露的组织免受异物侵入，这些异物包括外源性物质、花粉和微生物群。各种上皮的相对通透性反映了它们暴露于外部环境的程度，其顺序为：肠道≈鼻腔≥支气管≥气管＞阴道≥直肠＞血-外淋巴屏障（耳）、角膜＞口腔＞皮肤。每种上皮在形态、生化、生理、免疫学和外部流体方面也因其功能而有所不同。每种上皮还用作药物递送部位以治疗局部病症，在某些情况下也用于全身递送。相关的递送系统必须不断发展，以实现更大的药物和生物制品（如肽、蛋白质、抗体和生物制剂）的递送，现在包括一系列物理、化学、电、光、声和其他增强技术。此外，产品监管的质量源于设计方法和仿制药的增长也推动了上皮药物递送系统的进步。
