Eschenbach D A
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Feb;156(2):495-503. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90319-x.
beta-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antibiotics in obstetrics and gynecology. However, they are susceptible to inactivation when attacked by beta-lactamase, an enzyme produced by many bacterial species. During the past three decades, numerous penicillins and cephalosporins have been made with a stable beta-lactam ring that resists enzyme attack. More recently enzyme inhibitors have been discovered that inactivate beta-lactamase. The combination of an enzyme inhibitor with a beta-lactam antibiotic, such as ampicillin, restores the antimicrobial activity of the beta-lactam against formerly resistant strains of staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides fragilis.
β-内酰胺类抗生素是妇产科最常用的抗生素。然而，当受到β-内酰胺酶攻击时，它们容易失活，β-内酰胺酶是许多细菌产生的一种酶。在过去三十年中，人们制备了许多具有稳定β-内酰胺环的青霉素和头孢菌素，这种环能抵抗酶的攻击。最近还发现了能使β-内酰胺酶失活的酶抑制剂。酶抑制剂与β-内酰胺类抗生素（如氨苄西林）联合使用，可恢复β-内酰胺对以前耐药的葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌和脆弱拟杆菌菌株的抗菌活性。
