Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 28;12(1):6956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10989-0.
Subthreshold depression (StD) is associated with higher risk of later developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficits of goal-directed behaviors regarding the motional, motivational, and conflict control are found in MDD. The current study examined neural underpinning of conflict control against monetary punishment in StD compared to MDD and healthy controls (HC). Seventy-one participants (HC, n = 27; StD, n = 21; MDD, n = 23) in their mid-20's completed self-reports. Preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance imaging acquired for the Simon task against larger or smaller monetary punishment was conducted using ENIGMA HALFpipe version 1.2.1. Neural correlates of conflict control against monetary punishment that could vary with either diagnosis or PHQ-9 total score were examined using a general linear model of FSL. Simon effect was effective for reaction time and accuracy in every subgroup of diagnosis and regardless of the size of monetary punishment. Conflict control against larger monetary loss was associated with higher functional activation of left insula in StD than HC and MDD. StD showed lower functional activation of left dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) than MDD for conflict control against larger monetary loss. For conflict control against smaller monetary loss, StD demonstrated higher functional activation of left paracentral lobule and right putamen compared to HC. Directed acyclic graphs showed directional associations from suicidal ideation, sadness, and concentration difficulty to functional activation of paracentral lobule, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and thalamus for conflict control against monetary loss. Differential functional activation of insula and dACC for conflict control against larger monetary loss could be a brain phenotype of StD. Item-level depressive symptoms of suicidal ideation, sadness, and concentration difficulty could be reflected in the conflict control-related functional activation of paracentral lobule (against smaller monetary loss), vmPFC and thalamus (against larger monetary loss), respectively.
阈下抑郁（StD）与后来发展为重度抑郁症（MDD）的风险较高相关。在 MDD 中发现了关于动机、动机和冲突控制的目标导向行为的缺陷。本研究比较了 StD 与 MDD 和健康对照组（HC）在对抗金钱惩罚的冲突控制中的神经基础。71 名参与者（HC，n=27；StD，n=21；MDD，n=23）在 20 多岁时完成了自我报告。使用 ENIGMA HALFpipe 版本 1.2.1 对用于针对较大或较小金钱惩罚的 Simon 任务的功能磁共振成像进行预处理。使用 FSL 的一般线性模型检查了可能随诊断或 PHQ-9 总分而变化的与对抗金钱惩罚的冲突控制相关的神经相关性。Simon 效应在每个诊断亚组和无论金钱惩罚的大小都对反应时间和准确性有效。与 HC 和 MDD 相比，StD 在对抗较大金钱损失的冲突控制中与左侧脑岛的功能激活更高相关。与对抗较大金钱损失的冲突控制相比，StD 的左侧背侧前扣带（dACC）的功能激活低于 MDD。对于对抗较小金钱损失的冲突控制，StD 显示左侧旁中央小叶和右侧壳核的功能激活高于 HC。有向无环图显示了从自杀意念、悲伤和注意力困难到冲突控制相关的旁中央小叶、腹侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）和丘脑功能激活的定向关联，用于对抗金钱损失。针对较大金钱损失的冲突控制中脑岛和 dACC 的功能激活差异可能是 StD 的大脑表型。自杀意念、悲伤和注意力困难等项目级别的抑郁症状可能反映在旁中央小叶（对抗较小金钱损失）、vmPFC 和丘脑（对抗较大金钱损失）的冲突控制相关功能激活中。
