School of Health Sciences, 151625Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, L16 9JD.
College of Health and Life Sciences, 1722Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
Nutr Health. 2023 Mar;29(1):71-83. doi: 10.1177/02601060221095678. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of global infant mortality, and compromises the ability of many countries with respect to achieving sustainable development goals. The WHO's recommendation of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and zinc in the management of this disease, may not be readily available. Consideration and assessment of cultural practices in its management has been an area of increased interest over the last decade. This study aims to systematically evaluate efficacy of the consumption of traditional fermented foods as functional products for the treatment and management of diarrhoea. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline and Pubmed) databases with no restrictions on language and publication date for RCTs that investigated the effect of consumption of fermented foods on the treatment of diarrhoea in children under five years of age. Seven RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared to control, consumption of fermented foods significantly reduced mean duration of diarrhoea, -0.61 days; (95% CI, -1.04, -0.18); length of hospitalization, -0.35 days (95% CI, -0.69, -0.02); but not mean daily frequency of stool -2.00 (95% CI,-7.03, 3.04). Limited available evidence suggests that consumption of fermented foods may help reduce duration and severity of symptoms as a treatment of diarrhoea. More high quality research needs to be undertaken to investigate the efficacy of fermented food as an effective alternative to ORS as a potential WHO recommendation for management of diarrhoeal disease.
腹泻病是全球婴儿死亡的主要原因之一，也影响了许多国家实现可持续发展目标的能力。世界卫生组织推荐使用口服补液盐（ORS）和锌来治疗这种疾病，但这些方法可能无法轻易获得。在过去十年中，人们越来越关注在这种疾病的管理中考虑和评估文化习俗。本研究旨在系统评估传统发酵食品作为功能性产品治疗和管理腹泻的功效。本研究按照 PRISMA 指南，对电子数据库（Cochrane 图书馆、Ovid Medline 和 Pubmed）进行了系统评价，没有对语言和发表日期进行限制，以评估 RCT 研究中食用发酵食品对 5 岁以下儿童腹泻治疗效果的影响。共纳入了 7 项 RCT。Meta 分析显示，与对照组相比，食用发酵食品可显著减少腹泻的平均持续时间，-0.61 天；（95%CI，-1.04，-0.18）；住院时间，-0.35 天；（95%CI，-0.69，-0.02）；但每日粪便平均频率无显著差异，-2.00（95%CI，-7.03，3.04）。现有证据有限，表明食用发酵食品可能有助于减少腹泻症状的持续时间和严重程度，作为腹泻的治疗方法。需要进行更多高质量的研究，以调查发酵食品作为 ORS 的有效替代品的疗效，作为世界卫生组织管理腹泻病的潜在推荐。
