MSMR. 2022 Mar;29(3):2-7.
Malaria infection remains an important health threat to U.S. service members who are located in endemic areas because of long-term duty assignments, participation in shorter-term contingency operations, or personal travel. In 2021, a total of 20 service members were diagnosed with or reported to have malaria. This was the lowest number of annual cases during the 10-year surveillance period (i.e., January 2012-December 2021) and represents a 28.6% decrease from the 28 cases identified in 2020. The relatively low numbers of cases during 2012-2021 mainly reflect decreases in cases acquired in Afghanistan, a reduction largely due to the progressive withdrawal of U.S. forces from that country. The percentage of 2021 cases of malaria caused by (55.0%; n=11) was the highest of any year of the surveillance period; however, the number of cases was the third lowest observed during the surveillance period. The number of malaria cases caused by in 2021 (n=1) was the lowest observed during the surveillance period. The remaining 8 malaria cases were labeled as associated with other/unspecified types of malaria (40.0%). Malaria was diagnosed at or reported from 15 different medical facilities in the U.S.; only 2 were reported outside of the U.S., 1 each in Germany and Africa. Providers of medical care to military members should be knowledgeable of and vigilant for clinical manifestations of malaria outside of endemic areas.
疟疾感染仍然对身处流行地区的美国军人构成重大健康威胁，这些军人因长期任务分配、参与短期应急行动或个人旅行而身处这些地区。2021年，共有20名军人被诊断出患有疟疾或报告感染疟疾。这是10年监测期（即2012年1月至2021年12月）内的年度病例数最低值，比2020年确诊的28例病例数下降了28.6%。2012 - 2021年期间病例数相对较低，主要反映出在阿富汗感染的病例有所减少，这一减少主要归因于美军逐步撤离该国。2021年由[具体疟原虫种类未给出]引起的疟疾病例所占百分比（55.0%；n = 11）是监测期内历年中最高的；然而，病例数是监测期内观察到的第三低水平。2021年由[另一种具体疟原虫种类未给出]引起的疟疾病例数（n = 1）是监测期内观察到的最低值。其余8例疟疾病例被标记为与其他/未指明类型的疟疾相关（40.0%）。在美国，疟疾在15个不同的医疗设施被诊断出或报告；仅2例报告来自美国境外，分别在德国和非洲各1例。为军人提供医疗服务的人员应了解并警惕非流行地区疟疾的临床表现。
