Yang Xiaohui, Tian Shifeng, Fan Linlin, Niu Rui, Yan Man, Chen Shuo, Zheng Minying, Zhang Shiwu
Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
Cancer Cell Int. 2022 Apr 29;22(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02598-8.
Chondrogenesis is the formation of chondrocytes and cartilage tissues and starts with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and migration, condensation of progenitors, chondrocyte differentiation, and maturation. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs depends on co-regulation of many exogenous and endogenous factors including specific microenvironmental signals, non-coding RNAs, physical factors existed in culture condition, etc. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-renewal capacity, pluripotency and cellular plasticity, which have the potential to differentiate into post-mitotic and benign cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that CSCs can be induced to differentiate into various benign cells including adipocytes, fibrocytes, osteoblast, and so on. Retinoic acid has been widely used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Previous study confirmed that polyploid giant cancer cells, a type of cancer stem-like cells, could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In this review, we will summarize signaling pathways and cytokines in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Understanding the molecular mechanism of chondrogenic differentiation of CSCs and cancer cells may provide new strategies for cancer treatment.
软骨形成是软骨细胞和软骨组织的形成过程，始于间充质干细胞（MSC）的募集和迁移、祖细胞的聚集、软骨细胞的分化和成熟。间充质干细胞的软骨分化取决于许多外源性和内源性因素的共同调节，包括特定的微环境信号、非编码RNA、培养条件中存在的物理因素等。癌症干细胞（CSC）具有自我更新能力、多能性和细胞可塑性，有可能分化为有丝分裂后细胞和良性细胞。越来越多的证据表明，癌症干细胞可以被诱导分化为各种良性细胞，包括脂肪细胞、纤维细胞、成骨细胞等。维甲酸已被广泛用于治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病。先前的研究证实，多倍体巨癌细胞，一种癌症干细胞样细胞，可以分化为脂肪细胞、骨细胞和软骨细胞。在这篇综述中，我们将总结间充质干细胞软骨分化中的信号通路和细胞因子。了解癌症干细胞和癌细胞软骨分化的分子机制可能为癌症治疗提供新的策略。
