Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62 500, Brno, Czech Republic.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Apr 29;22(1):236. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03305-2.
Evidence has shown that higher levels of physical fitness (PF) in youth have beneficial effects on adult health-related outcomes. However, the tracking of separate PF components during adolescence has been less studied. Since PF often starts to rapidly decline during adolescence, it is necessary to provide information regarding critical time-point for interventions. This study aimed to analyze the extent of tracking the components of PF through PF tests.
In this longitudinal study, we recruited 240 adolescent girls with recoded data at 2 time-points (15 y and 17 y). PF included body composition (fat mass), explosive power of lower extremities (standing broad jump), muscle endurance of the trunk (sit-ups in 60 s), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle endurance of lower extremities (squats in 60 s), aerobic endurance (the 800 m run test) and speed endurance (the 400 m run test). Tracking coefficients were calculated using generalized estimating equations. Tertiles (high, moderate and low) were calculated for each fitness component.
The highest tracking coefficients between the two time-points were found for explosive power of lower extremities (β = 0.98), followed by flexibility (β = 0.89), body composition (β = 0.88), speed endurance (β = 0.86), aerobic endurance (β = 0.75), muscle endurance of lower extremities (β = 0.65), and muscle endurance of the trunk (β = 0.51). Tertile ratings remained stable across the two time-points.
Moderate to high tracking of PF in adolescent girls suggests that interventions aiming to increase the level of PF should probably begin in early adolescence.
有证据表明，青少年时期较高的身体适应能力（PF）对成年后的健康相关结果有有益影响。然而，青少年时期单独的 PF 成分的追踪研究较少。由于 PF 通常在青少年时期开始迅速下降，因此有必要提供关于干预关键时间点的信息。本研究旨在分析通过 PF 测试追踪 PF 成分的程度。
在这项纵向研究中，我们招募了 240 名青春期女孩，她们在 2 个时间点（15 岁和 17 岁）有可追溯的数据。PF 包括身体成分（体脂肪）、下肢爆发力（立定跳远）、躯干肌肉耐力（60 秒仰卧起坐）、柔韧性（坐立前伸测试）、下肢肌肉耐力（60 秒深蹲）、有氧耐力（800 米跑测试）和速度耐力（400 米跑测试）。使用广义估计方程计算跟踪系数。为每个体能成分计算三分位数（高、中、低）。
两个时间点之间的最高跟踪系数发现于下肢爆发力（β=0.98），其次是柔韧性（β=0.89）、身体成分（β=0.88）、速度耐力（β=0.86）、有氧耐力（β=0.75）、下肢肌肉耐力（β=0.65）和躯干肌肉耐力（β=0.51）。三分位数评分在两个时间点上保持稳定。
青少年女孩 PF 的中等至高度跟踪表明，旨在提高 PF 水平的干预措施可能应该在青春期早期开始。
