Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh, Abak Atefe, Baniahmad Aria, Hussen Bashdar Mahmud, Taheri Mohammad, Jamali Elena, Dinger Marcel E
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cancer Cell Int. 2022 Apr 29;22(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02601-2.
G-quadruplexes are secondary helical configurations established between guanine-rich nucleic acids. The structure is seen in the promoter regions of numerous genes under certain situations. Predicted G-quadruplex-forming sequences are distributed across the genome in a non-random way. These structures are formed in telomeric regions of the human genome and oncogenic promoter G-rich regions. Identification of mechanisms of regulation of stability of G-quadruplexes has practical significance for understanding the molecular basis of genetic diseases such as cancer. A number of non-coding RNAs such as H19, XIST, FLJ39051 (GSEC), BC200 (BCYRN1), TERRA, pre-miRNA-1229, pre-miRNA-149 and miR-1587 have been found to contain G-quadraplex-forming regions or affect configuration of these structures in target genes. In the current review, we outline the recent research on the interaction between G-quadruplexes and non-coding RNAs, other RNA transcripts and DNA molecules.
G-四链体是在富含鸟嘌呤的核酸之间形成的二级螺旋结构。在某些情况下，这种结构可见于众多基因的启动子区域。预测的形成G-四链体的序列以非随机方式分布于整个基因组。这些结构在人类基因组的端粒区域和致癌启动子富含鸟嘌呤的区域形成。鉴定G-四链体稳定性的调控机制对于理解诸如癌症等遗传疾病的分子基础具有实际意义。已发现许多非编码RNA，如H19、XIST、FLJ39051（GSEC）、BC200（BCYRN1）、TERRA、前体miRNA-1229、前体miRNA-149和miR-1587，含有形成G-四链体的区域或影响靶基因中这些结构的构型。在本综述中，我们概述了关于G-四链体与非编码RNA、其他RNA转录本和DNA分子之间相互作用的最新研究。
