Ferris Cheyenne, O'Brien Kyle
Klingberg Family Centers, New Britain, Connecticut, USA.
Department of Social Work, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2022 Oct;35(5):1305-1317. doi: 10.1002/jts.22845. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive psychological change that occurs following a seismic and highly challenging life circumstance. An individual who experiences PTG reports posttrauma development that surpasses their baseline level of pretrauma function in various domains. The present systematic review of the current literature aimed to explore factors related to the development of PTG in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Included studies investigated a range of factors that impact PTG development in youth from five countries: the United States, Israel, China, Japan, and Norway. Studies addressed multiple types of traumatic experiences, including medical trauma, war- and terror-related trauma, and environmental trauma. Findings suggested that factors that impact the development of PTG include the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms, specifically intrusiveness, and cognitive factors, such as the use of positive reappraisal and deliberate rumination. Many factors demonstrated inconsistencies across studies, such as the impact of age, gender, social support, and parent factors. The findings from this systematic research study encourage the notion that certain clinical intervention strategies, such as deliberate rumination, positive reappraisal coping strategies, and trauma-informed group therapy, may facilitate growth in trauma survivors. Future research should test if these intervention strategies directly impact growth and whether there is an evidence-based form of intervention that can assist clinicians in taking a growth- and strengths-based perspective after trauma.
创伤后成长（PTG）是指在经历重大且极具挑战性的生活境遇后发生的积极心理变化。经历创伤后成长的个体报告称，创伤后的发展超越了他们在创伤前各领域的基线功能水平。本次对当前文献的系统综述旨在探究遭受创伤的儿童和青少年创伤后成长发展的相关因素。纳入的研究调查了来自美国、以色列、中国、日本和挪威这五个国家的一系列影响青少年创伤后成长发展的因素。研究涉及多种类型的创伤经历，包括医疗创伤、与战争和恐怖相关的创伤以及环境创伤。研究结果表明，影响创伤后成长发展的因素包括创伤后应激症状的存在，特别是侵入性症状，以及认知因素，如积极重新评价和刻意反思的运用。许多因素在不同研究中表现出不一致性，如年龄、性别、社会支持和父母因素的影响。这项系统研究的结果支持了这样一种观点，即某些临床干预策略，如刻意反思、积极重新评价应对策略和创伤知情团体治疗，可能促进创伤幸存者的成长。未来的研究应测试这些干预策略是否直接影响成长，以及是否存在基于证据的干预形式，可帮助临床医生在创伤后采取基于成长和优势的视角。
