Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Child Dental Health, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2022 Apr 29;39(4):388-393.
Adherence to standard precautions in hospitals is vital to control the spread of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
To determine the level of compliance to standard precautionary measures by clinical students and doctors in a Nigerian tertiary hospital to curb spread of infectious diseases, with focus on uptake of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccine.
This study which involved 228 participants used self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on respondents' biodata, history of exposure to patient's body fluids (PBF) in the last six months, HBV vaccination status, use and recapping of needles, handwashing, and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Data analysis was done using SPSS version18; associations were tested with Chi-square statistics, and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Of the 228 respondents, 113(49.6%) were clinical students and 115 (50.4%) doctors with mean age of 27.61±7.48 years. A total of 140 (61.4%) respondents had been exposed to PBF: [89 (63.6%) doctors, 51(36.4%) students]. Age, student/doctor category, and number of years of practice all affected exposure to PBF (p<0.05). Recapping of needles was practiced by 167 (73.2%); hand-washing by 225 (98.7%), and lack of running water was the commonest reason for non-compliance. Also, 218 (95.6%) and 123 (53.9%) wore handgloves and face-masks respectively when attending to patients while 111 (48.7%) received at least a dose of HBV vaccine: [72 (64.9%) doctors, 39 (35.1%) students; p<0.05] but only 60.3% completed their doses.
Majority had good hand-washing practice, but only about half wore face-masks while working, and recapping of needles was prominent. Doctors had more occupational exposure to PBF but received more HBV vaccine although many were yet to complete their doses. With COVID-19 added to existing list of HAIs, there is need to scale-up compliance to infection control practices through sustained training programs and better health policies which would also drive vaccine coverage in this population.
在医院中遵守标准预防措施对于控制医院获得性感染（HAI）的传播至关重要。
确定尼日利亚一家三级医院的临床学生和医生遵守标准预防措施的水平，以遏制传染病的传播，重点是接种乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）疫苗。
这项涉及 228 名参与者的研究使用自我管理问卷获取有关受访者生物数据、过去六个月接触患者体液（PBF）的暴露史、HBV 疫苗接种状况、使用和重新套上针头、洗手以及使用个人防护设备（PPE）的数据。使用 SPSS 版本 18 进行数据分析；使用卡方检验测试关联，p<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在 228 名受访者中，113 名（49.6%）为临床学生，115 名（50.4%）为医生，平均年龄为 27.61±7.48 岁。共有 140 名（61.4%）受访者接触过 PBF：[89 名（63.6%）医生，51 名（36.4%）学生]。年龄、学生/医生类别和工作年限均影响接触 PBF（p<0.05）。167 名（73.2%）重新套上了针头；225 名（98.7%）人进行了洗手，而缺乏自来水是最常见的不遵守规定的原因。当接触患者时，218 名（95.6%）和 123 名（53.9%）分别佩戴了手套和口罩，而 111 名（48.7%）至少接种了一剂 HBV 疫苗：[72 名（64.9%）医生，39 名（35.1%）学生；p<0.05]，但只有 60.3% 完成了剂量。
大多数人有良好的洗手习惯，但只有约一半人在工作时戴口罩，而且重新套上针头的现象很普遍。医生接触 PBF 的职业暴露更多，但接种 HBV 疫苗的人数更多，尽管许多人尚未完成剂量。随着 COVID-19 加入现有的医院获得性感染清单，需要通过持续的培训计划和更好的卫生政策来提高感染控制措施的遵守率，这也将推动该人群的疫苗接种率。
