Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
BMC Med Educ. 2013 Nov 8;13:148. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-148.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most contagious blood borne pathogen. The risk of occupational exposure to HBV among health care workers is a major concern, especially medical trainees. In this study we describe the knowledge of risk factors for HBV infection, history of accidental exposure to blood, awareness of HBV vaccine and the vaccination status among medical students in Cameroon.
In April 2012, a cross-sectional survey was carried out using a pretested self-administered questionnaire among 111 medical students.
Sixty-two students (55.9%) had had at least one accidental exposure to blood since the beginning of their medical training, with a median of 2 (IQR, 1-3) exposures. There was a good knowledge of the risk factors for HBV infection and awareness of HBV vaccine among participants. However, only 20 (18%) participants had completed the three doses of primary HBV vaccination. Furthermore, only 2 of the 20 (10%) adequately vaccinated participants had a post-vaccination test to confirm a good immune response and thus an effective protection against HBV infection. The main reason for not being vaccinated was lack of money to pay for the vaccine (45.6%). Forty seven (42.3%) participants had been sensitized by their training institutions about the importance of HBV vaccination. These were more likely to be vaccinated compared to those who had not been sensitized (p<0,001).
There is a high rate of accidental exposure to blood and a very low HBV vaccination uptake in medical students in Cameroon, leading to a high occupational risk of HBV infection. HBV vaccination should be strongly recommended for medical students and the vaccine made available free of charge at the beginning of their training.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是最具传染性的血源性病原体。医护人员在工作中接触 HBV 的风险是一个主要关注点，尤其是医学实习生。本研究描述了喀麦隆医学生对 HBV 感染危险因素、血液意外暴露史、HBV 疫苗知晓情况和接种状况的认知。
2012 年 4 月，采用经过预试验的自填式问卷，对 111 名医学生进行了横断面调查。
62 名学生（55.9%）自医学生涯开始以来至少有过一次血液意外暴露，中位数为 2（IQR，1-3）次。参与者对 HBV 感染的危险因素和 HBV 疫苗有较好的认知。然而，仅有 20 名（18%）参与者完成了 HBV 初免 3 针接种。此外，仅有 2 名（10%）充分接种疫苗的参与者进行了疫苗接种后检测以确认良好的免疫反应，从而有效预防 HBV 感染。未接种疫苗的主要原因是缺乏支付疫苗费用的资金（45.6%）。47 名（42.3%）参与者所在的培训机构对 HBV 疫苗接种的重要性进行了宣传。与未接受过宣传的参与者相比，这些参与者更有可能接种疫苗（p<0.001）。
喀麦隆医学生血液意外暴露率高，HBV 疫苗接种率极低，导致 HBV 感染的职业风险很高。应强烈建议医学生接种 HBV 疫苗，并在培训开始时免费提供疫苗。
