School of Criminology - Université de Montréal, International Centre for Comparative Criminology, 3150, rue Jean-Brillant, Room C-4117, Montreal Quebec, H3T 1N8, Canada.
Quebec National Institute of Public Health, 190 Cremazie boulevard East, Montreal Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada.
Int J Drug Policy. 2022 Jul;105:103697. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103697. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Previous reviews of the effectiveness of measures to divert those who use drugs from the criminal justice system have focused mainly on post-conviction or post-sentence programs and report mixed results. The present systematic review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness of police-based diversion measures in reducing criminal offenses and other harms related to drug use and then summarizes evidence from qualitative studies to identify facilitators and barriers associated with the implementation of such measures.
Eight databases were searched to find evaluations of police-based diversion measures for drug-related offenders. Twenty-seven studies were identified. The vote-count method and the Maryland Scientific Method Scale were used to assess the impact of police-based diversion measures. Themes related to barriers or conditions facilitating the implementation of these measures were extracted from qualitative studies.
Evidence from quantitative studies indicates that in general police-based diversion measures are effective in preventing criminal offending and show promising results for improving participants' health and diminishing social costs as well as costs associated with processing drug-related offenses. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the effect of police-based diversion measures on drug use, drug accessibility, or changes in participants' socioeconomic conditions. Findings from qualitative studies suggest that program acceptance by police officers, constructive intersectoral collaboration, clear eligibility criteria, and timely access to services seem to facilitate the implementation and delivery of police-based diversion measures.
Police-based diversion measures can be effective in preventing drug-related criminal offenses and harm. Additional research is needed to evaluate their effect on participants' socioeconomic conditions and drug use as well as drug accessibility.
先前对将吸毒者从刑事司法系统中转移出来的措施的有效性的评估主要集中在定罪后或判刑后的项目上,报告的结果喜忧参半。本系统综述综合了有关基于警察的转移措施在减少与吸毒相关的犯罪和其他危害方面的有效性的证据,然后从定性研究中总结证据,以确定与实施此类措施相关的促进因素和障碍。
搜索了八个数据库,以寻找针对与毒品有关的犯罪者的基于警察的转移措施的评估。确定了 27 项研究。使用投票计数法和马里兰州科学方法量表来评估基于警察的转移措施的影响。从定性研究中提取了与实施这些措施的障碍或条件相关的主题。
定量研究的证据表明,一般来说,基于警察的转移措施在预防犯罪方面是有效的,并显示出在改善参与者的健康状况、减少社会成本以及与处理毒品相关犯罪相关的成本方面具有很大的潜力。关于基于警察的转移措施对吸毒、毒品可及性或参与者社会经济状况变化的影响,没有足够的证据得出结论。定性研究的结果表明,警察对方案的接受程度、建设性的部门间合作、明确的资格标准以及及时获得服务似乎有助于实施和提供基于警察的转移措施。
基于警察的转移措施可以有效预防与毒品相关的犯罪和危害。需要进一步研究来评估其对参与者社会经济状况和吸毒以及毒品可及性的影响。