School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 20;835:155591. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155591. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
The non-judicious application of the harmful pesticide endosulfan on okra, one of India's most consumed vegetable crops, has resulted in the frequent detection of residues in food samples. This can lead to resistance and the resurgence of various pests and diseases. In this context, combined dissipation and residue dynamics of different endosulfan components or mixtures (isomers and metabolites) in crop compartments are not yet well understood. To address this research gap, the present study evaluates the dissipation and persistence behavior of different endosulfan isomers (alpha-, beta-isomers) and major metabolite (endosulfan sulfate) on okra during 2017 and 2018. The half-life of endosulfan on okra leaves was found to be between 1.79 and 3.47 days. Half of the endosulfan deposits on okra fruits at the recommended doses were dissipated after 2.39 days compared to 1.99 days at double recommended doses (mean of 2017 and 2018 residue data). Measured endosulfan residues were evaluated against the dynamic plant uptake model dynamiCROP. The better fits were observed between modeled and measured residues for fruits (R from 0.84 to 0.96 and residual standard error (ER) between 0.6 and 1.47) as compared to leaves (R from 0.57 to 0.88). We also report fractions of endosulfan components ingested by humans after crop harvest. Intake fractions range from 0.0001-7.2 g/kg of applied pesticide. Our results can evaluate pesticide residues in different crops grown for human consumption, including their isomers and metabolites. They can be combined with dose-response information to evaluate human exposure and/or health risk assessment.
在印度消费最多的蔬菜作物之一的秋葵上不合理地使用有害农药硫丹，导致食物样本中经常检测到残留物。这可能导致抗药性和各种病虫害的死灰复燃。在这种情况下，作物环境中不同硫丹成分（异构体和代谢物）的组合消散和残留动态尚不清楚。为了解决这一研究空白，本研究评估了不同硫丹异构体（α-、β-异构体）和主要代谢物（硫丹硫酸盐）在 2017 年和 2018 年在秋葵上的消解和持久性行为。发现硫丹在秋葵叶片上的半衰期在 1.79 到 3.47 天之间。与推荐剂量相比，在双推荐剂量下（2017 年和 2018 年残留数据的平均值），推荐剂量下在秋葵果实上的一半硫丹残留 2.39 天后被消解。与动态植物吸收模型 dynamiCROP 评估了测得的硫丹残留。与叶片相比（R 从 0.57 到 0.88），果实（R 从 0.84 到 0.96，残差标准误差（ER）在 0.6 到 1.47 之间）观察到模型和实测残留之间的更好拟合。我们还报告了作物收获后人类摄入的硫丹成分分数。摄入分数范围为 0.0001-7.2 g/kg 施用药剂。我们的结果可以评估不同供人类食用的作物中的农药残留，包括它们的异构体和代谢物。它们可以与剂量-反应信息相结合，以评估人类暴露和/或健康风险评估。
