Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jul;138:104679. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104679. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Neurodegeneration is a major cause of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, dementia and other related brain disorders. Their complex pathogenesis commonly includes genetic and neurochemical deficits, misfolded protein toxicity, demyelination, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Albeit differing in specific underlying mechanisms, neurodegenerative disorders typically display evolutionarily conserved mechanisms across taxa. Here, we review the role of zebrafish models in recapitulating major human and rodent neurodegenerative conditions, demonstrating this species as a highly relevant experimental model for research on neurodegenerative diseases, and discussing how these fish models can further clarify the underlying genetic, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioral pathogenic mechanisms.
神经退行性变是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化症和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、桥脑小脑发育不全、痴呆症和其他相关脑疾病的主要原因。它们复杂的发病机制通常包括遗传和神经化学缺陷、错误折叠蛋白毒性、脱髓鞘、细胞凋亡和线粒体功能障碍。尽管在特定的潜在机制上有所不同，但神经退行性疾病通常在进化上具有跨分类群的保守机制。在这里，我们回顾了斑马鱼模型在再现主要人类和啮齿动物神经退行性疾病方面的作用，证明该物种是神经退行性疾病研究的高度相关实验模型，并讨论了这些鱼类模型如何进一步阐明潜在的遗传、神经化学、神经解剖和行为发病机制。
