Mac Giollabhui Naoise, Hartman Catharina A
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Brain Behav Immun. 2022 Aug;104:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.020. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Higher C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with cognitive difficulties. The nature of this association remains unclear given that multiple other variables are linked with both CRP and cognitive difficulties, which may confound the association. The goal of the current study is to determine whether low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with worse cognitive functioning via higher CRP and whether this association is independent of known associations with other health, stress and lifestyle factors (e.g., depression, physical activity, body mass). Assessments in a longitudinal study of 1,029 Dutch adolescents were based on a combination of self-report and parent-report questionnaires, diagnostic assessment, behavioral testing, and blood assay. We estimated latent variables for cognitive functioning (executive functioning, verbal fluency, episodic memory) and used structural equation analysis to test whether SES (wave 1: 11.08 years (SD=0.55); 55% female] was associated with worse cognitive outcomes (wave 4: aged 18.97 years; SD=0.55) via increased CRP, depression, stress, body mass, substance use or physical inactivity (wave 3: aged 16.17 years; SD=0.61). Low SES was associated with worse cognitive functioning via increased CRP. Additionally, low SES was associated with (i) worse executive functioning via higher body mass, higher levels of sedentary behavior, and higher stress, (ii) worse verbal fluency via higher levels of sedentary behavior and (iii) worse episodic memory via sedentary behaviors, body mass, and substance use. These results confirm the link between SES, CRP and cognitive functioning and additionally identify four modifiable lifestyle factors that may be implicated in the link between low SES and worse performance on tests of cognitive functioning.
较高的C反应蛋白（CRP）与认知困难有关。鉴于还有多个其他变量与CRP和认知困难都有关联，这可能会混淆二者之间的关联，所以这种关联的本质仍不清楚。本研究的目的是确定低社会经济地位（SES）是否通过较高的CRP与较差的认知功能相关，以及这种关联是否独立于与其他健康、压力和生活方式因素（如抑郁、身体活动、体重）的已知关联。对1029名荷兰青少年进行的纵向研究中的评估基于自我报告和家长报告问卷、诊断评估、行为测试及血液检测的综合结果。我们估计了认知功能（执行功能、语言流畅性、情景记忆）的潜在变量，并使用结构方程分析来检验SES（第1波：11.08岁（标准差=0.55）；55%为女性）是否通过CRP、抑郁、压力、体重、物质使用或身体不活动的增加（第3波：16.17岁；标准差=0.61）与较差的认知结果（第4波：18.97岁；标准差=0.55）相关。低SES通过CRP增加与较差的认知功能相关。此外，低SES与以下情况相关：（i）通过更高的体重、更高水平的久坐行为和更高的压力导致更差的执行功能，（ii）通过更高水平的久坐行为导致更差的语言流畅性，以及（iii）通过久坐行为、体重和物质使用导致更差的情景记忆。这些结果证实了SES、CRP和认知功能之间的联系，此外还确定了四个可改变的生活方式因素，这些因素可能与低SES和认知功能测试中较差表现之间的联系有关。
