Gingrich Simone, Magerl Andreas, Matej Sarah, Le Noë Julia
Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Austria.
Geology Laboratory, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences and Letters University, Paris, France.
J Land Use Sci. 2022 Jan 5;17(1):113-133. doi: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2018514. eCollection 2022.
Understanding the drivers of forest transitions is relevant to inform effective forest conservation. We investigate pathways of forest transitions in the United States (1920-2010), France (1850-2010), and Austria (1830-2010). By combining evidence from forest inventories with the forest model CRAFT, we first quantify how change in forest area (), maximum biomass density ( ), and actual biomass as fraction of maximum biomass ( ) shaped forest dynamics. Second, to investigate the connections between forest change and societal resource use, or social metabolism, we quantify the importance of selected proximate and underlying socio-metabolic drivers. We find that agricultural intensification and reduced forest grazing correlated most with positive . By contrast, change in biomass imports or harvest did not explain forest change. Our findings highlight the importance of forest growth conditions in explaining long-term forest dynamics, and demonstrate the distinct ways in which resource use drove forest change.
了解森林转型的驱动因素对于有效开展森林保护工作具有重要意义。我们研究了美国（1920年至2010年）、法国（1850年至2010年）和奥地利（1830年至2010年）的森林转型路径。通过将森林清查数据与森林模型CRAFT相结合，我们首先量化了森林面积变化（）、最大生物量密度（）以及实际生物量占最大生物量的比例（）如何塑造森林动态。其次，为了研究森林变化与社会资源利用（即社会新陈代谢）之间的联系，我们量化了选定的直接和潜在社会新陈代谢驱动因素的重要性。我们发现，农业集约化和森林放牧减少与森林面积正增长的相关性最大。相比之下，生物量进口或采伐的变化并不能解释森林变化。我们的研究结果突出了森林生长条件在解释长期森林动态方面的重要性，并展示了资源利用推动森林变化的不同方式。
