Baumann Isabel, Cabib Ignacio, Eyjólfsdóttir Harpa S, Agahi Neda
Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland.
Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Switzerland.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 Apr 8;18:101091. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101091. eCollection 2022 Jun.
In this exploratory study, we examine how older workers' part-time employment and health are associated in four countries promoting this type of employment in late careers but with a different welfare regime: the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. Using data from two large representative panel surveys and conducting multichannel sequence analysis, we identified the most typical interlocked employment and health trajectories for each welfare regime and for three different age groups of women and men. We found that there is more heterogeneity in these trajectories in countries with a liberal welfare regime and among older age groups. Overall, women are more strongly represented in the part-time employment trajectories associated with lower health levels. In countries with a social-democratic or corporatist welfare regime, part-time employment in late careers tends to be associated with good health. Our findings suggest that the combination of a statutory right to work part-time in late careers with a more generous welfare regimes, may simultaneously maintain workers' health and motivate them to remain active in the labor force.
在这项探索性研究中,我们考察了美国、德国、瑞典和意大利这四个在职业生涯后期推行此类就业但福利制度不同的国家中,老年劳动者的非全日制就业与健康状况之间的关联。我们利用两项大型代表性面板调查的数据并进行多渠道序列分析,确定了每种福利制度以及三个不同年龄组的男性和女性最典型的相互关联的就业与健康轨迹。我们发现,在自由福利制度的国家以及老年群体中,这些轨迹存在更多异质性。总体而言,在与较低健康水平相关的非全日制就业轨迹中,女性的占比更大。在社会民主或社团主义福利制度的国家,职业生涯后期的非全日制就业往往与良好健康状况相关。我们的研究结果表明,职业生涯后期非全日制工作的法定权利与更慷慨的福利制度相结合,可能会同时维持劳动者的健康并激励他们继续积极参与劳动力市场。