The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States.
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 14;13:864949. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864949. eCollection 2022.
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide support to B cells upon arrival in the germinal center, and thus are critical for the generation of a robust adaptive immune response. Tfh express specific transcription factors and cellular receptors including Bcl6, CXCR5, PD-1, and ICOS, which are critical for homing and overall function. Generally, the induction of an immune response is tightly regulated. However, deviation during this process can result in harmful autoimmunity or the inability to successfully clear pathogens. Recently, it has been shown that Tfh differentiation, activation, and proliferation may be linked with the cellular metabolic state. In this review we will highlight recent discoveries in Tfh differentiation and explore how these cells contribute to functional immunity in disease, including autoimmune-related disorders, cancer, and of particular emphasis, during infection.
滤泡辅助 T 细胞（Tfh）在到达生发中心后为 B 细胞提供支持，因此对于产生强大的适应性免疫反应至关重要。Tfh 表达特定的转录因子和细胞受体，包括 Bcl6、CXCR5、PD-1 和 ICOS，这些对于归巢和整体功能至关重要。通常，免疫反应的诱导受到严格调控。然而，在此过程中的偏差可能导致有害的自身免疫或无法成功清除病原体。最近，已经表明 Tfh 的分化、激活和增殖可能与细胞代谢状态有关。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍 Tfh 分化的最新发现，并探讨这些细胞如何在疾病中发挥功能免疫作用，包括自身免疫性疾病、癌症，特别是在感染期间。
