Stone Austin V, Platt Brooks N, Collofello Brandon S, Sciascia Aaron D, Uhl Timothy L, Kibler William B
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022 Feb 13;4(2):e623-e628. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.12.003. eCollection 2022 Apr.
To evaluate whether impending shoulder injury was associated with changes in pitch location or velocity immediately preceding injury.
Pitchers placed on the injured list (IL) due to a shoulder injury between 2015 and 2020 were identified in the Major League Baseball transactions database. Four-seam fastball velocity and frequency of pitch location for each pitch type was collected for each player in the season before placement on the IL and within 1 month of placement on the IL with a minimum of 55 pitches thrown of 1 type. Pitch locations were collected as identified by Baseball Savant's Game-Day Zones. Game-Day Zones were consolidated into high (above the strike zone midpoint) versus low, arm side (closer to the pitcher's arm side of the plate) versus opposite side, and within the strike zone versus out of zone. Repeated measures analysis of variance determined differences in four-seam velocity and the location distribution of 4-seam fastballs, change-ups, and breaking balls among each group.
In total, 267 pitchers were placed on the IL for a shoulder injury with the majority diagnosed with inflammation (89/267) followed by strain or sprain (69/267). Four-seam fastball locations significantly increased above the mid-point of the zone (45.9% vs 42.4%, = .008) and out of the strike zone (48.5% vs 46.5%, = .011) within a month before IL placement. There was no significant change in 4-seam fastball velocity immediately before IL placement.
Pitchers threw more elevated 4-seam fastballs and out-of-zone 4-seam fastballs in the month before IL placement for shoulder injury. These findings suggest that a loss of 4-seam fastball command decreases with impending shoulder injury.
IV, prognostic case series.
评估即将发生的肩部损伤是否与损伤前瞬间的投球位置或速度变化有关。
在大联盟棒球交易数据库中识别出2015年至2020年间因肩部损伤而被列入伤病名单（IL）的投手。收集每位投手在被列入IL之前的赛季以及被列入IL后1个月内每种投球类型的四缝线快速球速度和投球位置频率，每种类型至少投出55次。投球位置按照Baseball Savant的比赛日区域进行收集。比赛日区域被合并为高（高于好球区中点）与低、手臂侧（更靠近投手手臂一侧的本垒板）与另一侧，以及在好球区内与好球区外。重复测量方差分析确定了每组中四缝线速度以及四缝线快速球、变速球和变速球的位置分布差异。
总共有267名投手因肩部损伤被列入IL，大多数被诊断为炎症（89/267），其次是拉伤或扭伤（69/267）。在被列入IL前一个月内，四缝线快速球位置显著高于区域中点（45.9%对42.4%，P = .008）且位于好球区外（48.5%对46.5%，P = .011）。在被列入IL前，四缝线快速球速度没有显著变化。
投手在因肩部损伤被列入IL前一个月投出了更多的高四缝线快速球和好球区外的四缝线快速球。这些发现表明，随着即将发生的肩部损伤，四缝线快速球的控球能力下降。
IV，预后病例系列。
