酒精中毒会损害假设性性侵犯中的旁观者干预过程：一项现场调查。
Alcohol Intoxication Impairs the Bystander Intervention Process in a Hypothetical Sexual Assault: A Field Investigation.
作者信息
Melkonian Alexander J, Ham Lindsay S, Wiersma-Mosley Jacquelyn D, Jackson Kyle K, Mobley Alita M, Jozkowski Kristen N, Willis Malachi, Bridges Ana J
机构信息
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.
University of Arkansas.
出版信息
Psychol Violence. 2020 Nov;10(6):657-666. doi: 10.1037/vio0000283. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
OBJECTIVE
High rates of alcohol-related sexual assault among young adults represent a significant public health problem. Bystander intervention programs are a promising strategy to reduce sexual assault incidence. However, little is known about how bystander intoxication may modify bystander intervention effectiveness. We examined the role of bystander intoxication and intoxication levels of the hypothetical victim and perpetrator on outcomes associated with Latané and Darley's (1970) steps of bystander intervention, which include noticing a situation, assessment of risk and need for intervention, taking personal responsibility for intervening, and selecting an intervention.
METHOD
In a field setting, participants were recruited from a downtown area surrounded by several drinking establishments. After providing informed consent, 327 participants (45% women) ages 21 - 29 years listened to one of four sexual assault vignettes (varied by victim and perpetrator intoxication), responded to questionnaires assessing outcomes related to steps of bystander intervention, and completed a field breathalyzer test to measure intoxication level.
RESULTS
We found that increased participant intoxication was related to decreased accuracy of situation recall and assessment of risk and need for intervention, but not ratings of personal responsibility to intervene, chosen intervention strategy, or confidence to intervene.
CONCLUSIONS
Intoxication could influence how a bystander interprets a hypothetical nonconsensual sexual interaction at the level of accurate situation recall and risk assessment. If the early steps of information processing are impaired by intoxication, later steps of intervention enactment may not occur successfully. Bystander intervention programming may consider incorporating training to overcome the impairing effects of intoxication for identifying harmful situations and choosing to intervene.
目的
青年成年人中与酒精相关的性侵犯发生率很高，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。旁观者干预计划是降低性侵犯发生率的一种有前景的策略。然而，关于旁观者醉酒如何改变旁观者干预效果，人们知之甚少。我们研究了旁观者醉酒以及假设的受害者和犯罪者的醉酒程度对与拉塔内和达利（1970年）旁观者干预步骤相关结果的作用，这些步骤包括注意到一种情况、评估风险和干预需求、为干预承担个人责任以及选择一种干预方式。
方法
在一个实地环境中，从一个被几家饮酒场所环绕的市中心区域招募参与者。在获得知情同意后，327名年龄在21 - 29岁之间的参与者（45%为女性）听取了四个性侵犯小插曲之一（因受害者和犯罪者醉酒情况而异），回答了评估与旁观者干预步骤相关结果的问卷，并完成了一次现场呼气酒精含量测试以测量醉酒程度。
结果
我们发现参与者醉酒程度增加与情况回忆的准确性以及风险和干预需求评估的降低有关，但与干预的个人责任评级、选择的干预策略或干预信心无关。
结论
醉酒可能会在准确的情况回忆和风险评估层面影响旁观者对假设的非自愿性互动的解读。如果信息处理的早期步骤因醉酒而受损，那么干预实施的后期步骤可能无法成功发生。旁观者干预计划可能需要考虑纳入培训，以克服醉酒对识别有害情况和选择干预的不利影响。
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