He Jingqi, Ren Honghong, Li Jinguang, Dong Min, Dai Lulin, Li Zhijun, Miao Yating, Li Yunjin, Tan Peixuan, Gu Lin, Chen Xiaogang, Tang Jinsong
Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Apr 14;16:831714. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.831714. eCollection 2022.
It has been claimed that individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty in self-recognition and, consequently, are unable to identify the sources of their sensory perceptions or thoughts, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, and unusual experiences of body ownership. The deficits also contribute to the enhanced rubber hand illusion (RHI; a body perception illusion, induced by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation). Evidence based on RHI paradigms is emerging that auditory information can make an impact on the sense of body ownership, which relies on the process of multisensory inputs and integration. Hence, we assumed that auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), as an abnormal auditory perception, could be linked with body ownership, and the RHI paradigm could be conducted in patients with AVHs to explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the performance of patients with/without AVHs in the RHI. We administered the RHI paradigm to 80 patients with schizophrenia (47 with AVHs and 33 without AVHs) and 36 healthy controls. We conducted the experiment under two conditions (synchronous and asynchronous) and evaluated the RHI effects by both objective and subjective measures. Both patient groups experienced the RHI more quickly and strongly than HCs. The RHI effects of patients with AVHs were significantly smaller than those of patients without AVHs. Another important finding was that patients with AVHs did not show a reduction in RHI under asynchronous conditions. These results emphasize the disturbances of the sense of body ownership in schizophrenia patients with/without AVHs and the associations with AVHs. Furthermore, it is suggested that patients with AVHs may have multisensory processing dysfunctions and internal timing deficits.
有人认为，精神分裂症患者在自我认知方面存在困难，因此无法识别其感官知觉或思想的来源，从而导致妄想、幻觉以及身体所有权的异常体验。这些缺陷还导致了增强的橡皮手错觉（RHI；一种由视觉和触觉同步刺激诱发的身体知觉错觉）。基于RHI范式的证据表明，听觉信息会对身体所有权感产生影响，而身体所有权感依赖于多感官输入和整合过程。因此，我们推测，作为一种异常听觉感知的幻听（AVH）可能与身体所有权有关，并且可以在患有AVH的患者中进行RHI范式研究以探索其潜在机制。在本研究中，我们调查了有/无AVH的精神分裂症患者在RHI中的表现。我们对80名精神分裂症患者（47名有AVH，33名无AVH）和36名健康对照者进行了RHI范式测试。我们在两种条件下（同步和异步）进行了实验，并通过客观和主观测量评估了RHI效应。两个患者组比健康对照者更快、更强烈地体验到了RHI。有AVH的患者的RHI效应明显小于无AVH的患者。另一个重要发现是，有AVH的患者在异步条件下RHI没有降低。这些结果强调了有/无AVH的精神分裂症患者身体所有权感的紊乱以及与AVH的关联。此外，提示有AVH的患者可能存在多感官处理功能障碍和内部时间缺陷。
