Cerqueira Otto Luiz Dutra, Antunes Fernanda, Assis Nadine G, Cardoso Elaine C, Clavijo-Salomón Maria A, Domingues Ana C, Tessarollo Nayara G, Strauss Bryan E
Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Apr 14;9:777775. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777775. eCollection 2022.
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with steadily increasing incidence worldwide during the last few decades. In addition to its tumor associated antigens (TAAs), melanoma has a high mutation rate compared to other tumors, which promotes the appearance of tumor specific antigens (TSAs) as well as increased lymphocytic infiltration, inviting the use of therapeutic tools that evoke new or restore pre-existing immune responses. Innovative therapeutic proposals, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have emerged as effective options for melanoma. However, a significant portion of these patients relapse and become refractory to treatment. Likewise, strategies using viral vectors, replicative or not, have garnered confidence and approval by different regulatory agencies around the world. It is possible that further success of immune therapies against melanoma will come from synergistic combinations of different approaches. In this review we outline molecular features inherent to melanoma and how this supports the use of viral oncolysis and immunotherapies when used as monotherapies or in combination.
黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌类型，在过去几十年间全球发病率持续上升。除了其肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）外，与其他肿瘤相比，黑色素瘤具有较高的突变率，这促进了肿瘤特异性抗原（TSA）的出现以及淋巴细胞浸润的增加，从而促使人们使用能够引发新的或恢复先前存在的免疫反应的治疗工具。诸如免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）等创新治疗方案已成为黑色素瘤的有效选择。然而，这些患者中有很大一部分会复发并对治疗产生耐药性。同样，使用病毒载体的策略，无论是否具有复制能力，都已获得全球不同监管机构的信任和批准。针对黑色素瘤的免疫疗法未来可能会通过不同方法的协同组合取得进一步成功。在本综述中，我们概述了黑色素瘤固有的分子特征，以及这如何支持病毒溶瘤疗法和免疫疗法作为单一疗法或联合疗法的应用。
